ArticlePloS one2019
Spatial patterns of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of TB & HIV co-infection mortality rate in sub-Saharan African children, youth, and adolescents.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- HIV/AIDS surveillance data analysis in Tigray, Ethiopia (2016-2020), with sub-analysis of most-at-risk populations and HIV co-infections (2019-2020).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Trend and Hotspot Analysis of Stillbirth Prevalence in Ghana.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Mapping facility-based tuberculosis preventive treatment provision in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal epidemiology and associated risk factors of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in Indonesia 2017-2022: a nationwide space-time hierarchical analysis.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- A comparative study on TB incidence and HIVTB coinfection using machine learning models on WHO global TB dataset.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incidence of death and its predictors among TB/HIV coinfected adult patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy at Gambelia referral hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial autocorrelation with environmental factors related to tuberculosis prevalence in Nepal, 2020-2023.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Active tuberculosis incidence among treatment failure experienced patients in North Wollow Zone: A multicenter historical cohort.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Ecological-level factors associated with tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Clusters of heterogeneity of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil: a geospatial study.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Proportion of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected children after antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Geospatial Overlap of Undernutrition and Tuberculosis in Ethiopia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal analysis of tuberculosis incidence in Guinea-Bissau, 2018 to 2020.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2023Article
- Spatial Clustering of Tuberculosis-HIV Coinfection in Ethiopia at Districts Level.AIDS research and treatment · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporally Comparative Analysis of HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, HIV-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Geoprogrammatic disparities in the performance of tuberculosis indicators in the homeless population in Brazil: an ecological approach.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the leading causes of infectious-disease-related deaths in Ethiopia, but little is known about their spatial distribution across the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial patterns of TB and HIV co-infection in Ethiopia at the district level.
methodsWe conducted an ecological study using TB and HIV data reported from all regions of Ethiopia through the national Health Management Information System (HMIS), between June 2015 and June 2017. Spatial clustering was assessed using Moran's I statistic and Getis-Ord statistic. Spatial binomial regression models were constructed separately for the prevalence of TB among people living with HIV and for the prevalence of HIV among TB patients, with and without spatial components using a Bayesian approach.
resultsA total of 1,830,880 HIV and 192,359 TB patients were included in the analysis. The prevalence of HIV among TB patients was 7.34%; hotspots were observed in districts located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambela regions, and cold spots were observed in Oromiya and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People (SNNP) regions. The prevalence of TB among people living with HIV varied from 0.7% in Oromia region to 14.5% in Afar region. Hotspots of TB prevalence among people living with HIV were observed in districts located in Gambela, Afar, Somali, and Oromiya regions; whereas the cold spots were observed in districts located in Amhara and Tigray regions. The ecological-level factors associated with the prevalence of TB among people living with HIV were low wealth index (OR: 1.49; 95% CrI: 1.05, 2.05), low adult literacy rate (OR: 0.67; 95% CrI: 0.46, 0.94), and distance to an international border (OR: 0.61; 95% CrI: 0.40, 0.91). The factors associated with the prevalence of HIV among TB patients were poor health care access (OR: 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.59, 0.95), low wealth index (OR: 1.31; 95% CrI: 1.01, 1.67), and low adult literacy rate (OR: 1.37; 95% CrI: 1.03, 1.78).
conclusionOur study provides evidence for geographic clustering of TB/HIV co-infection in Ethiopia. Health care access, proximity to international borders, and demographic factors such as low wealth index and adult literacy were significantly associated with the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection.
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