ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2019
XIAOPI Formula Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06154109 (Comparative Efficacy of Xiaopi Granules and Decoction in Improving Pathological Complete Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Triple-negative Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Efficacy of Xiaopi Granules and Decoction in Improving Pathological Complete Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: a Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular mechanisms for sustaining cancer stem cells characteristics and targeted therapeutic strategies.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Endoglin (CD105) overexpression is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in murine lung cancer models and human lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CXCL1 in triple‑negative breast cancer: Mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The Significance of CXCL1 in Cancer: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chinese medicine-based interventions in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanistic evidence, clinical findings, and translational challenges-a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- HMGB1: A Central Node in Cancer Therapy Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of automated breast volume scanning, hand-held ultrasound and molybdenum-target mammography for breast lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) in Pan-Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 promotes breast cancer autophagy-mediated chemoresistance via IGF1R/STAT3/HMGB1 signaling.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- SPDYC serves as a prognostic biomarker related to lipid metabolism and the immune microenvironment in breast cancer.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Tumor microenvironment of cancer stem cells: Perspectives on cancer stem cell targeting.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Modulatory Effects of XIAOPI Formula on CXCL1 and Selected Outcomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Collagen-Binding Nanoparticles for Paclitaxel Encapsulation and Breast Cancer Treatment.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Chronic psychological stress promotes breast cancer pre-metastatic niche formation by mobilizing splenic MDSCs via TAM/CXCL1 signaling.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Involvement in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Significance of CXCL1 in Reproductive Cancers: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- System analysis identifies UBE2C as a novel oncogene target for adrenocortical carcinoma.PloS one · 2023Article
- Aiduqing formula inhibits breast cancer metastasis by suppressing TAM/CXCL1-induced Treg differentiation and infiltration.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2021Article
- Ursolic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis by Suppressing Glycolytic MetabolismFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant stromal cells associated with the host immune system in multiple malignancies including breast cancer. With proven clinical efficacy and no noticeable adverse effects, XIAOPI formula (XPS) has been approved for breast hyperplasia treatment by the State Food and Drug Administration of China (SFDA) in 2018. The existing knowledge about the anti-breast cancer activities and mechanisms of XPS has been very limited. The present study aimed to investigate whether XPS could exert an anti-breast cancer effect by regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor microenvironment. Herein, breast cancer cells and TAMs were co-cultured using the transwell co-culture system to simulate the coexistence of them. XPS could significantly inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation, mammosphere formation abilities as well as stemness-related genes expression in both human and mouse breast cancer cells in the co-culture system. Additionally, XPS could suppress M2 phenotype polarization as well as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression and secretion of TAMs. Notably, further mechanistic explorations verified TAMs/CXCL1 as the critical target of XPS in inhibiting breast CSCs self-renewal in the co-culture system as the exogenous CXCL1 administration could abrogate the inhibitory effect of XPS on breast CSCs self-renewal. More importantly, XPS significantly inhibited mammary tumor growth, breast CSCs subpopulation, and TAMs/CXCL1 activity in mouse 4T1-Luc xenografts
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