ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Gut Microbiota-Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05795946 (Effects of a Whole Food Based Nutritional Formulation on Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Healthy Adults.), which is not on this map. Cited by 214 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Whole Food Based Nutritional Formulation on Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Healthy Adults.
Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Lifestyle Interventions and Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine combined with western medicine for treating severe acute pancreatitis-related acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effects of Statin Therapy on Circulating Levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- The association between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and heart failure.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Value.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Circulating total and intact GDF-15 levels are not altered in response to weight loss induced by liraglutide or lorcaserin treatment in humans with obesity.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Trial
- [Correlation between trimethylamine-N-oxide and cardiovascular metabolic markers].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Mediator-Host Signaling Networks in Metabolic Syndrome: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Targeting.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome: Differences in Microbial Signatures and Clinical Profiles.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The Gut-Oral-Skin-Heart Microbiota Axis and Oxidative Stress: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota as an Innovative Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases from a Metabolic and Inflammatory Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Mechanisms, Microbiome Interactions and Therapeutic Targets.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Clinical significance of gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gut Microbial Choline TMA-Lyase CutC: From Metabolic Mechanism to a Novel Therapeutic Target for Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine-producing microbe Bacillus megaterium KCTC 3007 promotes antitumor immunity in endometrial cancer via type I interferon response pathways.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Timekeepers of the gut: host circadian rhythms and microbial modulators.Life metabolism · 2026Review
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as coronary heart disease (CHD). The role of the gut microbiota in AS has begun to be appreciated in recent years. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an important gut microbe-dependent metabolite, is generated from dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine. Multiple studies have suggested a correlation between plasma TMAO levels and the risk of AS. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the TMAO-involved mechanisms of atherosclerotic CVD from the perspective of inflammation, inflammation-related immunity, cholesterol metabolism, and atherothrombosis. We also summarize available clinical studies on the role of TMAO in predicting prognostic outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), in patients presenting with AS. Finally, since TMAO may be a novel therapeutic target for AS, several therapeutic strategies including drugs, dietary, etc. to lower TMAO levels that are currently being explored are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.