SynthesisThe Diabetes educator2020
Individual-, Community-, and Health System-Level Barriers to Optimal Type 2 Diabetes Care for Inner-City African Americans: An Integrative Review and Model Development.
Synthesis in The Diabetes educator, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Multilevel and Multidomain Interventions to Improve Glycemic Control in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Diabetes care · 2024Pooled it
- "Something Tells Me I Can't Do That No More": Experiences With Real-Time Glucose and Activity Monitoring Among Underserved Black Women With Type 2 Diabetes.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2022Trial
- Exploring Perspectives and Challenges to Type 2 Diabetes Self-management in Haitian American Immigrants in the COVID-19 Era: An Emic View.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Basic needs navigation intervention to address multidimensional adversity in African Americans with diabetic kidney disease: A pilot randomized clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Pilot randomized trial of cash transfer interventions to improve health outcomes in low income adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: Study protocol and baseline characteristics.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Patient and Clinician Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Current Telemedicine Approaches in Endocrinology Care for Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study.JMIR diabetes · 2025Article
- Federated multimodal AI for precision-equitable diabetes care.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Review
- Continuous Glucose Monitor: Reclaiming Type 2 Diabetes Self-efficacy and Mitigating Disparities.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing Eye Screening Adherence Among Latinx Patients With Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Structural Racism as an Upstream Social Determinant of Diabetes Outcomes: A Scoping Review.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Development and calibration data for the Healthcare Access Item Bank: a new computer adaptive test for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Perspectives of Latinx Patients with Diabetes on Teleophthalmology, Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Interpretation, and Virtual Care: A Qualitative Study.Telemedicine reports · 2023Article
- "How I Can Help Me": Self-Care Priorities and Structural Pressures Among Black Older Adults With Diabetes.The Gerontologist · 2022Article
- Applying a socioecological framework to chronic disease management: implications for social informatics interventions in safety-net healthcare settings.JAMIA open · 2022Article
- Perceived Stress as a Pathway for the Relationship Between Neighborhood Factors and Glycemic Control in Adults With Diabetes.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Article
- Cross-Sector Collaborations Between Health Care Systems and Community Partners That Target Health Equity/Disparities in Diabetes Care.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022Article
- 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022Article
- Insights about interventions to address food insecurity in adults with type 2 diabetes: Valuable lessons from the stories of African Americans living in the inner city.Patient education and counseling · 2021Article
- Perceptions of psychosocial and interpersonal factors affecting self-management behaviors among African Americans with diabetes.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2021Article
- Quantifying the Influence of Individual, Community, and Health System Factors on Quality of Life Among Inner-City African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this integrative review is (1) to elucidate the unique barriers faced by inner-city African Americans for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) care; (2) to identify effective interventions/programs for optimal T2DM care at the individual, community, and health systems levels; and (3) to integrate 2 behavioral models and 1 social ecological model for framing interventions for inner-city African American to optimize T2DM care.
methodsPRISMA guidelines were followed to systematically search PubMed, PsychInfo, and CINAHL. Integration of models was based on underlying principles of social ecological models.
resultsThe search returned 1183 articles. Forty-six articles were synthesized after applying inclusion criteria. Multiple barriers for the individual level, community level, and health system level were identified. Major barriers include lack of knowledge, lack of social support, and self-management support. Interventions identified in this review show that among inner-city African Americans with T2DM, the focus is placed at the health systems level, with very limited focus toward addressing individual- and community-level barriers. Final synthesis includes development of a new integrated model that explains barriers to care across multiple levels.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the fragmentation that may be occurring between policy, research, and practice for achieving health equity and addressing health disparities for T2DM care among inner-city African Americans. The new model is an important step in the pursuit of equity in T2DM by specifying the complex barriers that occur across multiple levels. The application of this model using the 2017 National Standards for Diabetes-Self Management Education and Support are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.