ArticleNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2020
Benzodiazepines, z-Hypnotics, and Risk of Dementia: Special Considerations of Half-Lives and Concomitant Use.
Article in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The dose-effect relationship between acupuncture and its effect on primary insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Hypnotic doses of fazamorexant induced less impairment on balance and cognition than zolpidem in healthy younger and elderly individuals.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- The Real-World Safety Profile of Temazepam: A 20-Year Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the Large-Scale FAERS Database.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity in elderly anxiety patients with long-term benzodiazepine use: an fNIRS study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Benzodiazepine Dependence: Clinical and Molecular Aspects, Preventive Strategies and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- An autonomous agentic workflow for clinical detection of cognitive concerns using large language models.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Spectrum and signals of medication-associated cognitive disorder: a comprehensive disproportionality analysis with cross-database validation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Association between sleep duration and disability in activities of daily living among Chinese older adults: a nationwide observational study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Benzodiazepine use in Spain: risks and perspectives on the current situation and proposals for their rational use.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Association Between Hypnotics and Dementia: A Mini Narrative Review.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Latent Class Analysis of Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients and its Influencing Factors.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Which Severe Mental Illnesses Most Increase the Risk of Developing Dementia? Comparing the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Using Hypothesis-Led Machine Learning and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to Identify Disease Pathways Prior to Dementia: Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Associations of Late-Life Sleep Medication Use With Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Long-Term Use of Insomnia Medications: An Appraisal of the Current Clinical and Scientific Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Long-term use of benzodiazepines in chronic insomnia: a European perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Patients with Dementia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The utilization of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and z-hypnotics has substantially increased with the aging of the population, but the risk of BZDs and z-hypnotics in the development of dementia remains a strong concern. This cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of BZDs and z-hypnotics for subsequent dementia development with a special consideration of their half-lives and the concomitant use of these medications. People aged 65 years and older who were newly prescribed oral BZDs or z-hypnotics between 2003 and 2012 were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. All BZDs were categorized as long-acting drugs (≥ 20 h) or short-acting drugs (< 20 h) for further comparisons, and data were collected on a quarterly basis, starting on the first date of drug prescription and ending on the date of death, occurrence of dementia, or end of the follow-up period (December 31, 2012), whichever came first. All dementia events except vascular dementia occurring during the follow-up period were identified. Among 260,502 eligible subjects, short-acting BZDs and z-hypnotics users were at greater risk of dementia than long-acting users [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in short-acting BZD users, 1.98 (1.89-2.07); z-hypnotic users, 1.79 (1.68-1.91); and long-acting BZD users, 1.47 (1.37-1.58)]. In addition, subjects concomitantly using 2 or more BZDs or z-hypnotics had a higher risk of dementia than those who used 1 of these drugs (4.79 (3.95-5.81)). The use of BZDs and z-hypnotics was strongly associated with the risk of dementia development, especially the short-acting BZDs, z-hypnotics, and concomitant use of multiple agents. These findings deserve further interventional studies for clarification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.