Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31802394›Full record

SynthesisAmerican journal of clinical dermatology2020

Melasma Treatment: An Evidence-Based Review.

Jacqueline McKesey, Andrea Tovar-Garza, Amit G Pandya

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in American journal of clinical dermatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07062120 (Efficacy and Safety of 30% Salicylic Acid and 10% Nicotinamide Combined Therapy in Melasma), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07062120 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety of 30% Salicylic Acid and 10% Nicotinamide Combined Therapy in Melasma: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled56ConditionsMelasmaArmsNicotinamide(NAM)(10%), Supramolecular salicylic acid(SSA) (30%), Supramolecular salicylic acid simulator, Nicotinamide simulator
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jacqueline McKeseyDepartment of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9190, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3425-8224
Andrea Tovar-GarzaUniq Dermatology, Monterrey, Mexico.
Amit G PandyaDepartment of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9190, USA. amit.pandya@utsouthwestern.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMelasma is an acquired, chronic pigmentary disorder predominantly affecting women. It may significantly affect quality of life and self-esteem due to its disfiguring appearance. Multiple treatments for melasma are available, with mixed results.

objectiveThe aim of this article was to conduct an evidence-based review of all available interventions for melasma.

methodsA systematic literature search of the PubMed electronic database was performed using the keywords 'melasma' and/or 'chloasma' in the title, through October 2018. The search was then limited to 'randomized controlled trial' and 'controlled clinical trial' in English-language journals. The Cochrane database was also searched for systematic reviews.

resultsThe electronic search yielded a total of 212 citations. Overall, 113 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review, with a total of 6897 participants. Interventions included topical agents, chemical peels, laser- and light-based devices, and oral agents. Triple combination cream (hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroid) remains the most effective treatment for melasma, as well as hydroquinone alone. Chemical peels and laser- and light-based devices have mixed results. Oral tranexamic acid is a promising new treatment for moderate and severe recurrent melasma. Adverse events from all treatments tend to be mild, and mainly consist of skin irritation, dryness, burning, erythema, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

conclusionsHydroquinone monotherapy and triple combination cream are the most effective and well-studied treatments for melasma, whereas chemical peels and laser- and light-based therapies are equal or inferior to topicals, but offer a higher risk of adverse effects. Oral tranexamic acid may be a safe, systemic adjunctive treatment for melasma, but more studies are needed to determine its long-term safety and efficacy. Limitations of the current evidence are heterogeneity of study design, small sample size, and lack of long-term follow-up, highlighting the need for larger, more rigorous studies in the treatment of this recalcitrant disorder.

Indexed as

ChemexfoliationHumansLaser TherapyMelanosisRetinoidsSkin Lightening PreparationsTranexamic AcidRetinoidsSkin Lightening PreparationsTranexamic Acid

Identifiers

PMID31802394

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.