ReviewInsights into imaging2019
Congenital systemic venous return anomalies to the right atrium review.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming anatomical barriers in pediatric kidney transplantation.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Case report of anomalous venous drainage of the right upper pulmonary lobe.International journal of surgery case reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Fetal Diagnosis on the Management of Right Superior Vena Cava to Left Atrium.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- A Rare Congenital Triad in an Adult With Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report From Georgia.Cureus · 2025Article
- A Rare Variant of Caval Malformation: Left-Dominant Caval System With Anomalous Cardiac Drainage.Cureus · 2025Article
- Rare Anomalous Left Brachiocephalic Venous Drainage Affecting Pacemaker Placement.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Femoral Vein Cannulation to the Left-Sided Inferior Vena Cava in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Wrong Way Home: Variant Caval Return to the Left Atrium.CASE (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Successful flutter catheter ablation through the azygos continuation due to an interrupted inferior vena cava.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Transhepatic approach of patent foramen ovale closure in the setting of congenital inferior vena cava anomaly.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Case Report: Incidental finding of an atresia of the inferior vena cava-a challenge for cardiac surgery.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
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- Article
- Graph theory applications in congenital heart disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Transcatheter secundum atrial septal defect closure using intracardiac echocardiography in adult patient with azygos/hemiazygos continuation of the inferior vena cava.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2023Article
- Leadless pacemaker implantation and azygos continuation in the inferior vena cava: a case description.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Interrupted inferior vena cava with deep vein thrombosis.BJR case reports · 2023Article
- Extensive deep vein thrombosis in a young girl with absent inferior vena cava and iliac veins: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the systemic venous return to the right atrium are rare and stem from variations in the embryogenesis of the venous system. They are usually asymptomatic, and such the major clinical significance of their recognition is to prevent misdiagnosis, in addition to some having technical implications on invasive procedures.Typically, the venous blood from the upper half of the body is carried by the right-sided, superior vena cava (SVC), and some common congenital abnormalities found are persistent left SVC, SVC duplication, anomalous drainage of the brachiocephalic veins, or interruption of the SVC. The venous blood from the lower body is carried by the right-sided, inferior vena cava (IVC), and some common congenital abnormalities found are left-sided IVC, IVC duplication, the absence of IVC (total or just the infrarenal segment), and azygos continuation of the IVC. The azygos system of veins, running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column, connects both systems and can provide an alternative path to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is absent. Other associated azygos-hemiazygos system anomalies are the azygos lobe and variable configuration of the azygos and hemiazygos veins.Such anomalies are reviewed with particular respect to their embryology and imagiological presentation, as knowledge of the normal anatomy and the most common congenital anomalies of the systemic venous return by a radiologist is important, being incidentally found.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.