ArticleDiabetologia2020
Preterm birth and risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a national cohort study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart rate variability after hospital discharge in perinatal risk populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reporting and risk of bias of prediction models based on machine learning methods in preterm birth: A systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Pooled it
- Does vaginal progesterone prevent recurrent preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous preterm birth? Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Pooled it
- The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- The association between late preterm birth and cardiometabolic conditions across the life course: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Preterm birth and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Pooled it
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current evidence and future directions.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- From Neonatal History to Adult Cardiovascular Risk: Preterm Birth as a Lifelong Risk Enhancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Association between triglyceride glucose index and spontaneous preterm birth: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- "Actionable" risk for preterm birth: patterns and prediction in California singleton births 2016-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Exposure to Type 1 and Type 2 Maternal Diabetes is Associated with Stage 3-5 Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Association of Early Nutrition and Growth and Metabolic Parameters in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Preterm Birth Increases Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia-Induced Kidney Injury With Sex-Specific Differences in Structural and Molecular Responses.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and extremely preterm birth: time for a broader perspective on long-term outcomes.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of reviews of outcomes for adults with a complex perinatal history.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Cardiometabolic characteristics of school-aged children born preterm with very low birth weight.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Blood and adipose tissue DNA methylation in adults born preterm with a very low birth weight - a sibling comparison study.Epigenomics · 2026Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisPreterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) has been associated with insulin resistance early in life. However, no large population-based studies have examined risks of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and potential sex-specific differences from childhood into adulthood. Clinicians will increasingly encounter adults who were born prematurely and will need to understand their long-term risks. We hypothesised that preterm birth is associated with increased risks of type 1 and type 2 diabetes into adulthood.
methodsA national cohort study was conducted of all 4,193,069 singletons born in Sweden during 1973-2014, who were followed up for type 1 and type 2 diabetes identified from nationwide diagnoses and pharmacy data to the end of 2015 (maximum age 43 years; median age at the end of follow-up 22.5 years). Cox regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors.
resultsIn 92.3 million person-years of follow-up, 27,512 (0.7%) and 5525 (0.1%) people were identified with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk. Adjusted HRs for type 1 and type 2 diabetes at age <18 years associated with preterm birth were 1.21 (95% CI, 1.14, 1.28) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.58), respectively, and at age 18-43 years were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.13, 1.37) and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.31, 1.68), respectively, compared with full-term birth. The associations between preterm birth and type 2 (but not type 1) diabetes were stronger among females (e.g. at age 18-43 years, females: adjusted HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.47, 2.09; males: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.53; p < 0.01 for additive and multiplicative interaction). These associations were only partially explained by shared genetic or environmental factors in families. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn this large national cohort, preterm birth was associated with increased risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes from childhood into early to mid-adulthood. Preterm-born children and adults may need early preventive evaluation and long-term monitoring for diabetes.
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