ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.
4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,615 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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1,615citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
148.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Diagnosis of Invasive Lung Aspergillosis
NCT06640296 enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation
Tolerability and Effectiveness of Extended Dosing of Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB) for Primary Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Disease in High-risk Pediatric Patients: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219 (Turletricin) Versus Liposomal Amphotericin B or Voriconazole for Early Antifungal Therapy of Invasive Mould Infections (TREAT-1)
A Real-World Observational Study of the Effectiveness, Safety, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Invasive Fungal Disease
Who cites it
1,615 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,680 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
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- Incidence, mortality and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients during the COVID-19 era: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Pooled it
- Invasive fungal infections after Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Blood advances · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- [Chinese guidelines for the clinical application of antibacterial drugs for febrile neutropenia (2026)].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026Guideline
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- Phase 2, open-label, noncomparative clinical trial evaluating safety and efficacy of posaconazole in pediatric patients with proven/probable invasive aspergillosis or possible invasive fungal disease.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Trial
- Invasive aspergillosis in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management and challenges.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Epidemiology and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in patients with mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
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- Safety of letermovir-triazole co-administration regarding the risk of invasive fungal infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Treatment and outcome of chronic disseminated candidiasis in the era of antifungal prophylaxis: a retrospective multicentre cohort of 111 patients.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Phenotypes, Immunosuppressive Exposures, and Outcomes in Pulmonary vs Extrapulmonary Cryptococcosis Among Non-HIV, Non-Transplant Adults: A U.S. Claims Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Real-Life Study on Gilteritinib-Related Infections (GilteRInf): An Italian SEIFEM Study.American journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Invasive mold infection in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia-a detailed analysis of the clinical trial AIEOP-BFM ALL2009.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of CT-based deep learning for differentiating pulmonary aspergillosis from bacterial pneumonia: a multicenter retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis-MimickingJournal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
1,555 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
65 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
J Peter DonnellyDepartment of Hematology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Sharon C ChenCentre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Carol A KauffmanDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
William J SteinbachDepartment of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
John W BaddleyDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Paul E VerweijCenter of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cornelius J ClancyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
John R WingardDepartment of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Shawn R LockhartMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Andreas H GrollInfectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany.
Tania C SorrellUniversity of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
Matteo BassettiInfectious Disease Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Hamdi AkanAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Cebeci Campus, Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
Barbara D AlexanderDepartment of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
David AndesDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine and Public Health and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Elie AzoulayMédicine Intensive et Réanimation Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
Ralf BialekMolecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, LADR Zentrallabor Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany.
Robert W BradsherDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Stephane BretagneInstitut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Mycology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Thierry CalandraInfectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Angela M CaliendoDepartment of Medicine, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Elio CastagnolaInfectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
Mario CrucianiInfectious Diseases Unit, G. Fracastoro Hospital, San Bonifacio, Verona, Italy.
Manuel Cuenca-EstrellaSpanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Catherine F DeckerInfectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Sujal R DesaiNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Brian FisherPediatric Infectious Diseases Division at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Thomas HarrisonCentre for Global Health, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St Georges University of London, London, UK.
Claus Peter HeusselDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Henrik E JensenFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christopher C KibblerCentre for Medical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.
Dimitrios P KontoyiannisUT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Bart-Jan KullbergRadboud Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Katrien LagrouDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Frédéric LamothInfectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Thomas LehrnbecherPediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Jurgen LoefflerMolecular Biology and Infection, Medical Hospital II, WÜ4i, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Olivier LortholaryParis University, Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine & Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France.
Johan MaertensDepartment of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Oscar MarchettiInfectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Kieren A MarrDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School.
Henry MasurCritical Care Medicine Department NIH-Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jacques F MeisDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
C Orla MorriseyAlfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Marcio NucciDepartment of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Luis Ostrosky-ZeichnerDivision of Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
Livio PaganoIstituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Thomas F PattersonUT Health San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
John R PerfectDepartment of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Zdenek RacilDepartment of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Emmanuel RoilidesInfectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Marcus RuhnkeDepartment of Hematology & Oncology, Lukas Hospital, Buende, Germany.
Cornelia Schaefer ProkopMeander Medical Center Amersfoort and Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Shmuel ShohamDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School.
Monica A SlavinDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and the National Centre for Infections in Cancer, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
David A StevensDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California.
George R ThompsonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
Jose A VazquezDivision of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Claudio ViscoliDivision of Infectious Disease, University of Genova and San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy.
Thomas J WalshWeill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, New York, New York, USA.
Adilia WarrisMRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
L Joseph WheatMiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
P Lewis WhitePublic Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
Theoklis E ZaoutisPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Peter G PappasDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Duke Medical Center · USRadboud University Medical Center · NLUniversity of Lausanne · CHChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USKU Leuven · BEUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USAlfred Health · AUAnkara University · TRAugusta University · USBrown University · USCalifornia Institute for Medical Research · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRCornell University · USFlorida College · USHeidelberg University · DEHippocration General Hospital · GRHôpital Saint-Louis · FRInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · IT
Funding
Medical Research Council MR/N006364/1Medical Research Council MR/N006364/2
Abstract
backgroundInvasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplants. With newer diagnostic techniques available, it was clear that an update of these definitions was essential.
methodsTo achieve this, 10 working groups looked closely at imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and special populations at risk of IFD. A final version of the manuscript was agreed upon after the groups' findings were presented at a scientific symposium and after a 3-month period for public comment. There were several rounds of discussion before a final version of the manuscript was approved.
resultsThere is no change in the classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" IFD, although the definition of "probable" has been expanded and the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven IFD can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised. The probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only, except for endemic mycoses.
conclusionsThese updated definitions of IFDs should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research of a broader range of patients at high-risk.
Indexed as
Invasive Fungal InfectionsMycosesNeoplasmsAntifungal AgentsHumansImmunocompromised HostAntifungal Agentsconsensusdefinitionsdiagnosisinvasive fungal diseasesresearch
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Registered trials
NCT05860387ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06640296ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07215273ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07656493ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.