ReviewOncogene2020
Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target.
Review in Oncogene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 334 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advancements in Known and Emerging Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- LPCAT3 is essential for leukemia progression and represents a therapeutic vulnerability in AML.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Midkine restrains T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity by suppressing macrophage M1 polarization in lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Low Serum LDL-C Is Associated with Poorer Overall Survival and Lipid-Related Molecular Features in Colorectal Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- EGFR inhibition promotes functional engraftment and graft survival via donor-derived CHI3L1 in fetal RPE suspension transplantation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Application of glutamine metabolism-related gene signatures in the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease: integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptomics.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2026Article
- Targeted extracellular vesicle-photoimmunotherapy remodels stromal-immune microenvironment to boost chemo-immunotherapy in preclinical models.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial omics reveals region-specific plasticity and therapeutic vulnerabilities in metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma.Science advances · 2026Article
- Targeting enolase isoenzyme 2 enables precision glycolysis inhibition in VHL-mutant renal cell carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomic Analyses with Spatial Validation Identify a Residual Fatty Acid-EMT Subset Driving Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via MIF- and MK-Mediated Ligand-Receptor Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- metileneNature communications · 2026Article
- Serum Midkine as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Response and Prognostication.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Integration of single-cell transcriptome of female early gonadal development in bovine, goats, and pigs.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrative single-cell RNA-seq and transcriptomic analysis uncovers cellular heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses unveil a necroptosis-related prognostic model and its association with tumor microenvironment remodeling in gastric cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Rewiring immunity: Midkine's emerging role in cancer immune escape and drug resistance.iScience · 2026Review
- Survival Genie 2: a next-generation web server for targeted and single-cell-based survival analyses.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Charting spatial ligand-target activity using Renoir.Nature communications · 2026Article
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor, originally reported as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene during embryogenesis, but currently viewed as a multifaceted factor contributing to both normal tissue homeostasis and disease development. Midkine is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies and acts as a mediator for the acquisition of critical hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, metastasis, migration, and angiogenesis. Several studies have investigated the role of midkine as a cancer biomarker for the detection, prognosis, and management of cancer, as well as for monitoring the response to cancer treatment. Moreover, several efforts are also being made to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in therapeutic resistance and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment. We hereby summarize the current knowledge on midkine expression and function in cancer development and progression, and highlight its promising potential as a cancer biomarker and as a future therapeutic target in personalized cancer medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.