ReviewNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2019
Hyperkalemia: pathophysiology, risk factors and consequences.
Review in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abrupt Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate after Initiating Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Predicts Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of hyperkalemia and long inter-dialytic interval on morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review.Renal failure · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of LysaKare infusion on serum potassium levels in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours eligible for treatment with [Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Quality of life in hyperkalemia: baseline analysis of a cohort study of management of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure in Japan.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalization for Severe Hyperkalemia in the Absence of Life-threatening Manifestations.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Legumes: Harnessing the Gut-Kidney Axis in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Proximal Tubule Secretion With Hyperkalemia Risk, Treatment Response, and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Experimental rodent models of cardiorenal syndrome types 3 and 4: Insights and clinical relevance (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of empiric potassium supplementation on mortality, sudden cardiac arrest and stroke in furosemide initiators.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for the treatment of heart failure and kidney disease: a state-of-the-art review.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- Emergency management of hyperkalemia in dogs and cats - Part 2: Diagnosis and treatment.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Review
- Impact of Duration of Outpatient Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Therapy on Hyperkalemia-Related Health Care Resource Utilization: A Matched Cohort Analysis.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Emergency management of hyperkalemia in dogs and cats - Part 1: Pathophysiology and etiology.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Review
- Effect of Finerenone Treatment Discontinuation on Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Fidelity Analysis.American journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Predicting the Initiation of Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Acute Pancreatitis Patients: The Role of Plasma and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Established and emerging pharmacologic options and unmet needs in HFpEF and HFmrEF.ESC heart failure · 2026Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There have been significant recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain potassium homoeostasis and the clinical consequences of hyperkalemia. In this article we discuss these advances within a concise review of the pathophysiology, risk factors and consequences of hyperkalemia. We highlight aspects that are of particular relevance for clinical practice. Hyperkalemia occurs when renal potassium excretion is limited by reductions in glomerular filtration rate, tubular flow, distal sodium delivery or the expression of aldosterone-sensitive ion transporters in the distal nephron. Accordingly, the major risk factors for hyperkalemia are renal failure, diabetes mellitus, adrenal disease and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or potassium-sparing diuretics. Hyperkalemia is associated with an increased risk of death, and this is only in part explicable by hyperkalemia-induced cardiac arrhythmia. In addition to its well-established effects on cardiac excitability, hyperkalemia could also contribute to peripheral neuropathy and cause renal tubular acidosis. Hyperkalemia-or the fear of hyperkalemia-contributes to the underprescription of potentially beneficial medications, particularly in heart failure. The newer potassium binders could play a role in attempts to minimize reduced prescribing of renin-angiotensin inhibitors and mineraolocorticoid antagonists in this context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.