ReviewContemporary clinical trials communications2019
Choosing primary endpoints for clinical trials of health care interventions.
Review in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- User Engagement With mHealth Interventions to Promote Treatment Adherence and Self-Management in People With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Causal Assessment of Income Inequality on Self-Rated Health and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Milbank quarterly · 2024Pooled it
- Correlation between pathologic complete response, event-free survival/disease-free survival and overall survival in neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant HR+/HER2-breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic associations between patient-reported outcomes and overall survival among patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer: results from the RATIONALE-307 trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- The Effectiveness of a Physician-Led Web Portal on Back Pain: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Trial
- How publish-or-perish culture drives evidence fragmentation in oncology.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Selection of Outcomes and Measurement Methods in Clinical Trials for Digital Therapeutics: Qualitative Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Clinical Trial Endpoints for Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Pain score distribution: an expert elicitation study for distal humerus hemiarthroplasty and total elbow arthroplasty using a validated numerical patient rated outcome-measure in trauma.JSES international · 2026Article
- From Knowledge Graphs to Digital Twins: Perspectives on Modeling Patient Outcomes for Health Care Quality Assessment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- The ESMO/SIOG Cancer in the Elderly Working Group pragmatic strategies for clinical trial designs and endpoints in older adults with cancer.ESMO open · 2026Review
- Delphi Consensus on Surrogate End Points in C3 Glomerulopathy and Primary Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Development and standardisation of 'time-in-range' measurement for clinical endpoints in retinal diseases.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Assessing allocation bias in stratified clinical trials with multi-component endpoints evaluated using the stratified Wei-Lachin test.PloS one · 2026Article
- Assessing treatment efficacy for interval-censored endpoints using multistate semi-Markov models fit to multiple data streams.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Inventive HDL Mimicking Nanoparticles: A Promising Frontier in Cardiovascular Disease Management.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Assessing patient risk, benefit, and outcomes in drug development: a decade of vemurafenib clinical trials.Melanoma management · 2025Article
- Patient perspectives on participation in the Danish Breast Cancer Group Proton Trial: A qualitative research study.Technical innovations & patient support in radiation oncology · 2025Review
- Optimising clinical trial methods for complex regional pain syndrome: a methodological framework (OptiMeth-CRPS).Pain reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Duration of Good Visual Acuity During Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Routine Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of late phase clinical trials is to generate evidence of sufficient validity and generalisability to be translated into practice and policy to improve health outcomes. It is therefore crucial that the chosen endpoints are meaningful to the clinicians, patients and policymakers that are the end-users of evidence generated by these trials. The choice of endpoints may be improved by understanding their characteristics and properties. This narrative review describes the evolution, range and relative strengths and weaknesses of endpoints used in late phase trials. It is intended to serve as a reference to assist those designing trials when choosing primary endpoint(s), and for the end-users charged with interpreting these trials to inform practice and policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.