ArticleIntegrative medicine research2019
Effect of one time coffee fragrance inhalation on working memory, mood, and salivary cortisol level in healthy young volunteers: a randomized placebo controlled trial.
Article in Integrative medicine research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The calming effect of roasted coffee aroma in patients undergoing dental procedures.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Short-Term Psychological and Physiological Changes Following Coffee Aroma Exposure: A Multimodal Assessment.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Arabica coffee oil extract enhances neuronal resilience under hypoxic stress through HIF-1α and EGFR signaling modulation.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- The Use of Coffee Aroma for Stress Reduction in Postgraduate Dental Students.International dental journal · 2024Article
- The Aromatic Scents of Four Plants in Learning and Memory ofActa medica Philippina · 2024Article
- A scoping review of olfactory interventions for fatigue relief: addressing occupational health hazards.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Diazepam ameliorates altered proinflammatory and cardiac markers in stress exposed rats.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory system regulates the brain which controls emotional memory. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Drinking coffee shows beneficial effects for mood, memory, and psychomotor performance. This work aimed to determine the effects of inhaling coffee fragrance on memory, mood, and salivary cortisol level in healthy young volunteers.
methodsEighty young males and females, aged between 18-22 years old, were randomly assigned into two groups: a placebo group inhaling scent from carbon powder and a coffee fragrance group inhaling coffee fragrance. Subjects were assigned to inhale either placebo or coffee fragrance for five minutes. Before and after inhalation period, the clinical assessments were assigned to each subject including computerized assessment battery test for cognitive performance, and self-related visual analogue mood scales for evaluation of mood score. The salivary cortisol level was assessed with cortisol ELISA kit. In addition, the blood pressure and heart rate were also evaluated.
resultsInhalation of coffee fragrance enhanced cognitive parameters, including continuity of attention, quality of memory, and speed of memory, and also increased the mood score of alertness. However, there were no significant changes in salivary cortisol level, blood pressure, and heart rate between pre-and post-inhalation.
conclusionsOne time of coffee fragrance inhalation may enhance working memory and stimulates alertness. However, inhaling coffee fragrance does not reduce stress or modulate autonomic response to stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.