Bronchobiliary fistula after hepatectomy: A case report and review of the literature.

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare complication following hepatectomy, and consists of an abnormal intercommunication between the biliary tract and bronchial tree. The management of this rare entity is challenging with limited current evidence to date on how to treat this condition. Herein, a case of BBF following a central hepatectomy and the successive steps of the management was presented. Fourteen months postoperatively, the patient presented to the Oncology Department complaining of new onset fever and expectoration. A computerized tomography scan revealed a BBF and the patient was subsequently referred to our department for further treatment. The surgical team decided that a further operation was required. Using the transabdominal approach, a communication between the initial intrahepatic collection and one inferior lobular bronchus was revealed. Transhiatal removal of fistula was performed with closure of the defect through the abdomen. There was no bile leak through the remaining liver parenchyma. Multidisciplinary management should be considered, taking into consideration the underlying pathology leading to this rare complication. Conservative treatment should be considered first, while surgical resection of the BBF remains an option when other therapies have failed. Surgeons should be aware of this rare complication bile duct injuries during hepatic operations can cause.