ArticleInternational journal of cancer2020
Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of breast cancer based on risk factors: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Hair chemicals may increase breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of 210319 subjects from 14 studies.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Guiding Risk Reduction for Breast Cancer-Relevant Chemicals (BC-Chems): Chemical Production Volumes, Sources, Intake Levels, Emissions, and Regulations.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Use of Chemical Hair Straighteners and Menstrual Disturbances.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Article
- Environmental factors influencing hormone receptor positive breast cancer incidence: integrating chemical signatures from dust wipes with self-reported sources of exposure.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Occupational exposures among hairdressers and the occurrence of hormone-related conditions.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- An integrated study combining network toxicology machine learning and molecular simulation reveals the molecular mechanisms of permanent hair dyes in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Association between hair dye use and human cancers: A systematic review.JAAD international · 2026Review
- Mapping, dynamism, thematic evolution of the scientific production on Make up or Beauty products and cancer: A scientometric study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Use of hair straighteners and chemical relaxers and incidence of non-reproductive cancers.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Cosmetic Habits Associated With Breast Cancer in Benin: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
- A prospective study of hair dyes and uterine leiomyomata incidence in the study of environment, lifestyle, and fibroids.Fertility and sterility · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding personal care products and their perceived link to breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- General Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Hair Dye Usage and Its Adverse Effects in the Northern Emirates of the United Arab Emirates.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Chemicals of concern in select packaged hair relaxers available on the Kenyan market: an examination of ingredient labels and measurement of pH.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Hair product use and urinary biomarker concentrations of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals among reproductive-aged Black women.Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Frequency of personal care product use among reproductive-aged Black individuals and associations with socio-demographic characteristics.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Hair Dye and Relaxer Use among Cisgender Women in Embu and Nakuru Counties, Kenya: Associations with Perceived Risk of Breast Cancer and Other Health Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many hair products contain endocrine-disrupting compounds and carcinogens potentially relevant to breast cancer. Products used predominately by black women may contain more hormonally-active compounds. In a national prospective cohort study, we examined the association between hair dye and chemical relaxer/straightener use and breast cancer risk by ethnicity. Sister Study participants (n = 46,709), women ages 35-74, were enrolled between 2003 and 2009, and had a sister with breast cancer but were breast cancer-free themselves. Enrollment questionnaires included past 12-month hair product use. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between hair products and breast cancer; effect measure modification by ethnicity was evaluated. During follow-up (mean = 8.3 years), 2,794 breast cancers were identified. Fifty-five percent of participants reported using permanent dye at enrollment. Permanent dye use was associated with 45% higher breast cancer risk in black women (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.90), and 7% higher risk in white women (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.99-1.16; heterogeneity p = 0.04). Among all participants, personal straightener use was associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.99-1.41); with higher risk associated with increased frequency (p for trend = 0.02). Nonprofessional application of semipermanent dye (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.56) and straighteners (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.99-1.62) to others was associated with breast cancer risk. We observed a higher breast cancer risk associated with any straightener use and personal use of permanent dye, especially among black women. These results suggest that chemicals in hair products may play a role in breast carcinogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.