Trial reportJournal of general internal medicine2020
Time Pressure During Primary Care Office Visits: a Prospective Evaluation of Data from the Healthy Work Place Study.
Trial report in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Workplace Mental Health Programs for Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Patient perceptions of advance care planning within primary care: a systematic review of facilitators and barriers.BMC primary care · 2025Pooled it
- Measures of Organizational Culture and Climate in Primary Care: a Systematic Review.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Integrating Access to a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Within the Electronic Health Record on the Frequency of Queries by Primary Care Clinicians: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2022Trial
- Using web-based training to improve accuracy of blood pressure measurement among health care professionals: A randomized trial.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Panel Fullness, Burnout, and Intention to Leave Among Veterans Health Administration Primary Care Practitioners.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Health literacy reductionism: when individual deficits become the default explanation.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- An animated educational video is effective for improving treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: A prospective observational trial.JAAD international · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Assessment of Benzodiazepine Dependence via Pharmacist-Led EMR Review in Pain and Palliative Care Institution.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Short-Form Measures of Well-Being Centered Leadership for Matrixed Healthcare Systems.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Structured Clinical Tools for Periodic Health Assessment of Older Adults in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Language Concordance and Interpreter Use for Spanish-Preferring Patients: Qualitative Study of Perspectives from Primary Care Providers.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Digitalizing informed consent in healthcare: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- A multi-site study of clinician perspectives in the lifecycle of an algorithmic risk prediction tool.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2025Article
- The relevance of clinical skills in an era of large language models: an adrenal insufficiency case study.International journal of medical education · 2025Article
- The effect of media aids in genetic carrier screening education among patients with infertility.F&S reports · 2025Article
- Drug-herb interactions: a challenge and clinical concern in primary healthcare.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Culinary medicine in medical education: a pilot study targeting cancer risk reduction strategies through culinary and lifestyle medicine education.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Clinical and sociodemographic determinants of older breast cancer survivors' reports of receiving advice about exercise.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between worklife factors, clinician outcomes, and time pressure during office visits is unclear.
objectiveTo quantify associations between time pressure, workplace characteristics ,and clinician outcomes.
designProspective analysis of data from the Healthy Work Place randomized trial.
participants168 physicians and advanced practice clinicians in 34 primary care practices in Upper Midwest and East Coast. MAIN MEASURES AND
methodsTime pressure was present when clinicians needed more time than allotted to provide quality care. Other metrics included work control, work pace (calm to chaotic), organizational culture and clinician satisfaction, stress, burnout, and intent to leave the practice. Hierarchical analysis assessed relationships between time pressure, organizational characteristics, and clinician outcomes. Adjusted differences between clinicians with and without time pressure were expressed as effect sizes (ESs). KEY
resultsSixty-seven percent of clinicians needed more time for new patients and 53% needed additional time for follow-up appointments. Time pressure in new patient visits was more prevalent in general internists than in family physicians (74% vs 55%, p < 0.05), women versus men (78% vs 55%, p < 0.01), and clinicians with larger numbers of complex psychosocial (81% vs 59%, p < 0.01) and Limited English Proficiency patients (95% vs 57%, p < 0.001). Time pressure in new patient visits was associated with lack of control, clinician stress, and intent to leave (ESs small to moderate, p < 0.05). Time pressure in follow-up visits was associated with chaotic workplaces and burnout (small to moderate ESs, p's < 0.05). Time pressure improved over time in workplaces with values alignment and an emphasis on quality.
conclusionsTime pressure, more common in women and general internists, was related to chaos, control and culture, and stress, burnout, and intent to leave. Future studies should evaluate these findings in larger and more geographically diverse samples.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.