ArticleScientific reports2019
Indirubin-pregnane X receptor-JNK axis accelerates skin wound healing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medications That Regulate Pregnane X Receptor: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Pooled it
- Intense pulsed light rejuvenates UVB-induced photoaging in human keratinocytes and guinea pig skin by inhibition of ERK-AP-1-MMP pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Broccoli Extract (Broccoli NMNCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Targeting Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Acral Melanoma.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Effect of Ceramides Derivatives from the Peach on Skin Function Improvement in UV-Irradiated Hairless Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Skin protective effect of Indian gooseberry and barley sprout complex on skin dryness, wrinkles, and melanogenesis by cell models.Nutrition research and practice · 2024Article
- Screening and molecular docking verification of feature genes related to phospholipid metabolism in hepatocarcinoma caused by hepatitis B.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- FOXM1: a new therapeutic target of extramammary Paget disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- KS-cSCC-1 and KS-cSCC-2: two novel cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines established from Japanese patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Pregnane X receptor reduces particulate matter-induced type 17 inflammation in atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Its roles in physiology.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
- NECTIN4: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Therapeutic candidates for keloid scars identified by qualitative review of scratch assay research for wound healing.PloS one · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Indirubin is a potent anti-inflammatory phytochemical derived from indigo naturalis. It is also endogenously produced in the intestine and detected in the circulation in mammals. Indirubin exerts its biological functions via two xenobiotic receptor systems: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR); however, its effects on wound healing remain elusive. To investigate whether indirubin promotes wound healing, we utilized an in vitro scratch injury assay and in vivo full-thickness mouse skin ulcer model and assessed wound closure. Indirubin significantly accelerated wound closure in both the scratch assay and the skin ulcer model. Using inhibitors of cell proliferation or migration, indirubin was found to upregulate the migratory but not the proliferative capacity of keratinocytes. Activation of AHR/PXR by indirubin was confirmed by their nuclear translocation and subsequent upregulation of CYP1A1 (AHR), or UGT1A1 mRNA (PXR) and also by luciferase reporter assay (PXR). Although both AHR and PXR were activated by indirubin, its pro-migratory capacity was canceled by PXR inhibition but not by AHR inhibition and was dependent on the JNK pathway. Moreover, activated PXR was detected in the nuclei of re-epithelialized keratinocytes in human skin ulcers. In conclusion, this study shows that the indirubin-PXR-JNK pathway promotes skin wound healing.
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