ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Weather effects on hand, foot, and mouth disease at individual level: a case-crossover study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Scarlet fever and meteorological exposures in Jiangsu, China: a time-stratified case-crossover study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Influencing factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease based on structural equation modeling in Hubei, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quantifying the temporal trends of the combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Yunnan, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Do Weather Conditions Still Have an Impact on the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Observation of the Mid-2022 COVID-19 Peak in Taiwan.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Non-linear association between daily mean temperature and children's hand foot and mouth disease in Chongqing, China.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Assessing the impact of ambient temperature on the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong, China: New insight from the disease severity and burden.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004-2018.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Association between platelet count and the risk and progression of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) raises an urgent public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China. The associations between weather factors and HFMD have been widely studied but with inconsistent results. Moreover, previous studies utilizing ecological design could not rule out the bias of exposure misclassification and unobserved confounders.
methodsWe used case-crossover analysis to assess the associations of weather factors on HFMD. Individual HFMD cases from 2009 to 2012 in Guangdong were collected and cases located within 10 km of the meteorological monitoring sites were included. Lag effects were examined through the previous 7 days. In addition, we explored the variability by changing the distance within 20 km and 30 km.
resultsWe observed associations between HFMD and weather factors, including temperature and relative humidity. An approximately U-shaped relationship was observed for the associations of temperature on HFMD across the same day and the previous 7 days, while an approximately exponential-shaped was seen for relative humidity. Statistically significant increases in rates of HFMD were associated with each 10-unit increases in temperature [Excess rate (ER): 7.7%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.9, 11.7%] and relative humidity (ER: 1.9%; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.0%) on lag days 0-6, when assessing within 10 km of the monitoring sites. Potential thresholds for temperature (30.0 °C) and relative humidity (70.3%) detected showed associations with HFMD. The associations remained robust for 20 km and 30 km.
conclusionsOur study found that temperature and relative humidity are significantly associated with the increased rates of HFMD. Thresholds and lag effects were observed between weather factors and HFMD. Our findings are useful for planning on targeted prevention and control of HFMD.
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