ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Pre-Clinical Drug Testing in 2D and 3D Human In Vitro Models of Glioblastoma Incorporating Non-Neoplastic Astrocytes: Tunneling Nano Tubules and Mitochondrial Transfer Modulates Cell Behavior and Therapeutic Respons.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mitochondrial Transfer in the Neurovascular Unit, Not Only for Energy Rescue: A Systematic Review.Aging and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Improved Method for Obtaining Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid and Primary Cells: A Generic and Simplified Approach for Intracranial Tumor With Minimized Input.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Mimicking tumor hypoxia in a glioblastoma-on-a-chip.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Forming a Precise and Reproducible Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma by High Cell Density Bioprinting.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Mitochondria transfer in glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- The molecular architecture of tunneling nanotubes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mitochondria transfer: intercellular communication and tumor microenvironment dynamics.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA mutations and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in cancer: mechanisms, biological effects, and clinical potential.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer in the tumor microenvironment: a dynamic determinant of cancer plasticity, immune dysfunction, and therapeutic opportunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Membrane Trafficking in Psychiatric Disorders: Bridging Cellular Dysfunction and Mental Health-A Narrative Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Transfer Through TNTs: From Organelle Dynamics to Cellular Crosstalk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Novel Serum-Free Triculture Model of Glioblastoma, Astrocytes, and Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Connexin 43 inhibitors reduce cell viability in glioblastoma and astrocyte co-culture systems.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Functional 3D Human Neuron-Glioblastoma Model Reveals Cellular Interactions Enabling Drug Safety Assessments.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Cell death in glioblastoma and the central nervous system.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Emerging biomimetic biopolymer-based composites: advancing accessible and sustainable neural disease models and therapeutics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- In Depth Mapping of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Malignant Glioma Cells Using Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Article
- Invisible Bridges: Unveiling the Role and Prospects of Tunneling Nanotubes in Cancer Therapy.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Rapid and reproducible generation of glioblastoma spheroids for high-throughput drug screening.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of astrocytes in the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is poorly understood; particularly with regard to cell invasion and drug resistance. To assess this role of astrocytes in GBMs we established an all human 2D co-culture model and a 3D hyaluronic acid-gelatin based hydrogel model (HyStem™-HP) with different ratios of GBM cells to astrocytes. A contact co-culture of fluorescently labelled GBM cells and astrocytes showed that the latter promotes tumour growth and migration of GBM cells. Notably, the presence of non-neoplastic astrocytes in direct contact, even in low amounts in co-culture, elicited drug resistance in GBM. Recent studies showed that non-neoplastic cells can transfer mitochondria along tunneling nanotubes (TNT) and rescue damaged target cancer cells. In these studies, we explored TNT formation and mitochondrial transfer using 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models of GBM and astrocytes. TNT formation occurs in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive "reactive" astrocytes after 48 h co-culture and the increase of TNT formations was greater in 3D hyaluronic acid-gelatin based hydrogel models. This study shows that human astrocytes in the tumour microenvironment, both in 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models, could form TNT connections with GBM cells. We postulate that the association on TNT delivery non-neoplastic mitochondria via a TNT connection may be related to GBM drug response as well as proliferation and migration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.