ArticleHandbook of experimental pharmacology2021
The Structure and Classification of Botulinum Toxins.
Article in Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design and Characterization of Recombinant and Chimeric BoNT/A Neurotoxins with Receptor-Binding Domain Grafting.Toxins · 2026Article
- Muscle-Specific Dosing of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Post-Stroke Upper-Limb Spasticity: A Descriptive Literature Review.Toxins · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based typing ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.Toxins · 2026Review
- Article
- Proteolytic Activities and Immunological Effects of Light Chains of Botulinum Neurotoxin A1, A2 and A3 Subtypes.Toxins · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin-like two-component toxins inScience advances · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Ser187 is enhanced following its cleavage by Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A, promoting the dominant-negative effect of the resulting fragment.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- Expression of Recombinant Clostridial Neurotoxin byMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibody targeting the L-HN domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type F.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Different Clinical and Cosmetic Treatment, a Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Novel platform for engineering stable and effective vaccines against botulinum neurotoxins A, B and E.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of a Botulinum Neurotoxin Homologue fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Veterinary Medicine.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- Characterization of a novel tetravalent botulism antitoxin based on receptor-binding domain of BoNTs.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Biological and Immunological Characterization of a Functional L-HN Derivative of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F.Toxins · 2023Article
- OnabotulinumtoxinA effects on trigeminal nociceptors.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of bacterial protein toxins produced by various Clostridium species. They are traditionally classified into seven major serotypes (BoNT/A-G). Recent progress in sequencing microbial genomes has led to an ever-growing number of subtypes, chimeric toxins, BoNT-like toxins, and remotely related BoNT homologs, constituting an expanding BoNT superfamily. Recent structural studies of BoNTs, BoNT progenitor toxin complexes, tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), toxin-receptor complexes, and toxin-substrate complexes have provided mechanistic understandings of toxin functions and the molecular basis for their variations. The growing BoNT superfamily of toxins present a natural repertoire that can be explored to develop novel therapeutic toxins, and the structural understanding of their variations provides a knowledge basis for engineering toxins to improve therapeutic efficacy and expand their clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.