ArticleScientific reports2019
Cytokines Levels and Salivary Microbiome Play A Potential Role in Oral Lichen Planus Diagnosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alterations of oral microbiome in oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond Clinicopathological Criteria: A Practical Management Framework for Oral Lichen Planus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Salivary biomarkers for the prognosis of oncological and infectious diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Salivary Cytokines as Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of salivary interleukin 6 interleukin 1 beta and interferon gamma in oral and mucocutaneous lichen planus patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Salivary Immune and Endocrine Biomarkers in Skin and Mucocutaneous Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Characteristics of salivary IgA responses to oral microbiota in patients with oral lichen planus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Development and Progression of Oral Lichen Planus.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Performance and overview of clinically relevant areas of application of saliva testing in the cat.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- CD8 + T-cell marker genes reveal different immune subtypes of oral lichen planus by integrating single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-sequencing.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Metataxonomic and metaproteomic profiling of the oral microbiome in oral lichen planus - a pilot study.Journal of oral microbiology · 2023Article
- Oral Lichen Planus: Associations Between Histomorphometric Characteristics and White and Red Lesions.Head and neck pathology · 2022Article
- Salivary expression of lncRNA DQ786243 and IL-17 in oral lichen planus: case-control study.BMC oral health · 2022Observational
- Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What's New?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Comparison of the Oral Microbiota Structure among People from the Same Ethnic Group Living in Different Environments.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Microbiome landscape of lesions and adjacent normal mucosal areas in oral lichen planus patient.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Helicobacter pylori infection is correlated with the incidence of erosive oral lichen planus and the alteration of the oral microbiome composition.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic Th1-mediated inflammatory mucocutaneous disease of the skin and oral mucosa that can have various clinical presentations. Lesions are usually bilateral and often painful. While cutaneous Lichen Planus (LP) lesions are self-limiting, the oral lesions are chronic and rarely remissive. The diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is often challenging, and confirmation by histopathological criterion is generally advised. The aim of our study was to identify the cytokines present in OLP-suggestive lesions and in non-specific inflammatory lesions (NSIL) used as controls. Moreover, assess cytokines protein levels and oral microbiota composition in whole saliva samples. Histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry and gene expression were used as techniques to analyze the oral mucosal tissue samples. ELISA was conducted to analyze salivary cytokine levels and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the salivary microbiome. As a result we observed larger number of infiltrated lymphocytes (p = 0.025), as well, more T CD4 lymphocytes in the epithelial tissue (p = 0.006) in OLP samples compared to NSIL. In addition, the OLP samples displayed more apoptotic cells compared to NSIL (p = 0.047). Regarding the cytokine analysis, IFN-γ and IL-33 were more expressed in OLP lesions than in NSIL samples (p < 0.001; p = 0.026). Furthermore, our results demonstrated higher levels of IFN-γ protein expression in the saliva of OLP group compared to controls (p = 0.0156). We also observed noted differences in the oral microbiota composition between OLP and NSIL saliva samples. In conclusion, OLP lesions presented larger numbers of apoptotic and inflammatory cells, higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-33 compared to NSIL, and these lesions also differ regarding oral microbiota composition. These results are consistent with the Th-1-mediated chronic inflammation nature of oral lichen planus investigated lesions and displayed unique features that could be used as a diagnostic tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.