ReviewJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2020
Clinical Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation: How Close Are We?
Review in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking the immune barrier: construction of cartilaginous organoids using alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pig cartilage-derived particles.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Porcine kidney xenotransplantation: From primate models to clinical reality.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Xeno kidney: revolutionizing kidney disease treatment.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- The use of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation: An update.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin prolonged the survival of a porcine kidney xenograft in a sensitized, brain-dead human recipient.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Human bone tissue-derived ECM hydrogels: Controlling physicochemical, biochemical, and biological properties through processing parameters.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Liver protects neuron viability and electrocortical activity in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Reduction in Xenogeneic Epitopes on Porcine Endothelial Cells by Periodate Oxidation.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Pigs: Large Animal Preclinical Cancer Models.World journal of oncology · 2024Review
- Advancing kidney xenotransplantation with anesthesia and surgery - bridging preclinical and clinical frontiers challenges and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Downregulation of Swine Leukocyte Antigen Expression Decreases the Strength of Xenogeneic Immune Responses towards Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical and molecular correlation defines activity of physiological pathways in life-sustaining kidney xenotransplantation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Kidney Xenotransplantation: Are We Ready for Prime Time?Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Transitioning of renal transplant pathology from allograft to xenograft and tissue engineering pathology: Are we prepared?World journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- Kidney xenotransplantation: Future clinical reality or science fiction?Nursing & health sciences · 2023Article
- Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- IL-18BP Improves Early Graft Function and Survival in Lewis-Brown Norway Rat Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Organ Donation From Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at the Time of Death.Critical care explorations · 2022Article
- Practical ethical concerns in allocation of pig kidneys to humans.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with ESKD who would benefit from a kidney transplant face a critical and continuing shortage of kidneys from deceased human donors. As a result, such patients wait a median of 3.9 years to receive a donor kidney, by which time approximately 35% of transplant candidates have died while waiting or have been removed from the waiting list. Those of blood group B or O may experience a significantly longer waiting period. This problem could be resolved if kidneys from genetically engineered pigs offered an alternative with an acceptable clinical outcome. Attempts to accomplish this have followed two major paths: deletion of pig xenoantigens, as well as insertion of "protective" human transgenes to counter the human immune response. Pigs with up to nine genetic manipulations are now available. In nonhuman primates, administering novel agents that block the CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway, such as an anti-CD40 mAb, suppresses the adaptive immune response, leading to pig kidney graft survival of many months without features of rejection (experiments were terminated for infectious complications). In the absence of innate and adaptive immune responses, the transplanted pig kidneys have generally displayed excellent function. A clinical trial is anticipated within 2 years. We suggest that it would be ethical to offer a pig kidney transplant to selected patients who have a life expectancy shorter than the time it would take for them to obtain a kidney from a deceased human donor. In the future, the pigs will also be genetically engineered to control the adaptive immune response, thus enabling exogenous immunosuppressive therapy to be significantly reduced or eliminated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.