ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
High prevalence of HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity among people who injected drugs: results of the first bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling in two urban areas in Mozambique.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peer-to-Peer Chain Recruitment for Enrolling Young South African Women into an HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Intervention Study: How Did It Perform?AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus,BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Counting the vulnerable: estimating the population size and assessing the HIV care continuum among women who inject drugs in Southern Mozambique.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact pathways of adverse childhood experiences on infectious diseases among substance abusers in border regions: structural equation modeling.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Dual HIV risk and vulnerabilities among people who inject drugs in Iran: Findings from a nationwide study in 2020.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Synergistic interaction between pay-it-forward incentives and recreational drug use on hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus testing among men who have sex with men in China.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- People Who Inject Drugs in Mozambique: We need to normalize HIV treatment and care services in specialized community centers for people who inject drugs!Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Situational assessment and epidemiology of HIV, HBV and HCV among people who use and inject drugs in Ghana.PloS one · 2024Article
- Hepatitis C treatment program in Maputo, Mozambique, the challenge of genotypes and key populations: A 5-year retrospective analysis of routine programmatic data.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Respondent-driven sampling to recruit adolescents in Kenya.Annals of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique.PloS one · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, anti-HCV antibodies and HIV and knowledge among people who use drugs attending methadone therapy clinic in Tanzania; a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Low engagement in HIV services and progress through the treatment cascade among key populations living with HIV in Mozambique: alarming gaps in knowledge of status.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Recognizing the hidden: strengthening the HIV surveillance system among key and priority populations in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Young key populations left behind: The necessity for a targeted response in Mozambique.PloS one · 2021Article
- HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa: Highest burden, largest challenges, greatest potential.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- High burden of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among key populations in Mozambique: the urgent need for an integrated surveillance system.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Access to and use of health and social services among people who inject drugs in two urban areas of Mozambique, 2014: qualitative results from a formative assessment.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV/hepatitis B and HIV/hepatitis C co-infections among people who inject drugs in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew countries in sub-Saharan Africa know the magnitude of their HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID). This was the first study in Mozambique to measure prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV, and to assess demographic characteristics and risk behaviors in this key population.
methodsWe used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to conduct a cross-sectional behavioral surveillance survey of PWID in two cities of Mozambique lasting six months. Participants were persons who had ever injected drugs without a prescription. Participants completed a behavioral questionnaire and provided blood specimens for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) testing. We performed RDS-adjusted analysis in R 3.2 using RDSAT 7.1 weights.
resultsWe enrolled 353 PWID in Maputo and 139 in Nampula/Nacala; approximately 95% of participants were men. Disease prevalence in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala, respectively, was 50.1 and 19.9% for HIV, 32.1 and 36.4% for HBsAg positivity, and 44.6 and 7.0% for anti-HCV positivity. Additionally, 8% (Maputo) and 28.6% (Nampula/Nacala) of PWID reported having a genital sore or ulcer in the 12 months preceding the survey. Among PWID who injected drugs in the last month, 50.3% (Maputo) and 49.6% (Nampula/Nacala) shared a needle at least once that month. Condomless sex in the last 12 months was reported by 52.4% of PWID in Maputo and 29.1% in Nampula/Nacala. Among PWID, 31.6% (Maputo) and 41.0% (Nampula/Nacala) had never tested for HIV. In multivariable analysis, PWID who used heroin had 4.3 (Maputo; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 18.2) and 2.3 (Nampula/Nacala; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9) greater odds of having HIV.
conclusionUnsafe sexual behaviors and injection practices are frequent among PWID in Mozambique, and likely contribute to the disproportionate burden of disease we found. Intensified efforts in prevention, care, and treatment specific for PWID have the potential to limit disease transmission.
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