ArticlePloS one2019
Ginkgo biloba extract increases neurite outgrowth and activates the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Exposure toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ginkgo Biloba Extract Ameliorates Age-Related Mitochondrial Deficits in Human iPSCs and Their Derived Neurons and Astrocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Myrtenol from Lavender Essential Oil Possesses Neuroprotective Effects and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth by Potentially Targeting TrkA and IGF-1R in PC12 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ginkgo Biloba extract attenuates diabetic retinopathy progression by modulating TP53 ubiquitination in a rat model.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- A Systems Biology Approach to Memory Health: Integrating Network Pharmacology, Gut Microbiota, and Multi-Omics for Health Functional Foods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Organ-Specific Small Protein Networks in 100 kDa Ultrafiltrates: Functional Analysis and Implications for Neuroregenerative Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Phytochemicals in Parkinson's Disease: a Pathway to Neuroprotection and Personalized Medicine.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Proanthocyanidins from Ginkgo extract EGb 761Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Impact of plant-derived antioxidants on heart aging: a mechanistic outlook.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- IGF-1 and Glucocorticoid Receptors Are Potential Target Proteins for the NGF-Mimic Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- From traditional medicine to nanomedicine: potential ofRSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Promotion of neurite outgrowth by 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone is mediated through ERK signaling pathway in Neuro2a cells.Journal of natural medicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.Biology · 2023Review
- Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- TiOAdvances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Novel adult cortical neuron processing and screening method illustrates sex- and age-dependent effects of pharmaceutical compounds.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Targeting PI3K by Natural Products: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Current Progress on Neuroprotection Induced by Artemisia, Ginseng, Astragalus, and Ginkgo Traditional Chinese Medicines for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- Rhodiola Rosea Extract Counteracts Stress in an Adaptogenic Response Curve Manner via Elimination of ROS and Induction of Neurite Outgrowth.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStandardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has demonstrated efficacy in the cognitive functional neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). With regard to its underlying molecular mode of action, first evidence was provided that GBE was able to modulate neuronal outgrowth in vitro, but the mechanisms underlying GBE effects on neuroplasticity remain unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this study, we investigated the effect of GBE on neurite outgrowth using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a 2D and 3D surface culture. The effects of the GBE LI1370 on neuroplasticity and neurite outgrowth were compared to those of nerve growth factor (NGF, 50 ng/ml) which was used as a positive control. We evaluated several parameters of neurite outgrowth such as the neurite number, total neurite length and extend of branching. Our findings showed that GBE (10 and 100 μg/ml) significantly increased neurite outgrowth in the 2D as well as 3D culture model after 3 days of treatment with a comparable effect than that NGF. The use of the 3D cell culture allowed us to better reproduce the in vivo neuronal microenvironment for the evaluation the neurite formation after GBE treatment. In addition, we assessed the effects of GBE on the Akt/mTOR pathway, which is known to promote neuroplasticity induced by nerve growth factors. We showed that GBE treatment induced an increase of phosphorylated IGF1R (Tyr1135/Tyr1136), Akt (Ser473), TSC2 (Ser939), mTOR (Ser2448), PTEN (Ser380) and GSK3β (Ser9).
conclusionTogether, these findings indicate that GBE promotes neurite growth and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suggesting that this plant extract supports neuronal plasticity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.