ReviewAIDS (London, England)2019
What can characterization of cerebrospinal fluid escape populations teach us about viral reservoirs in the central nervous system?
Review in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum and CSF biomarkers in asymptomatic patients during primary HIV infection: a randomized study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Escape: Incidence and Consequences.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Longitudinal analysis of CSF HIV RNA in untreated people with HIV: Identification of CSF controllers.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Archival HIV DNA in Brain and Lymphoid Tissues.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- The Peculiarity of Infection and Immunity Correlated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the HIV-Infected Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Across the Spectrum of Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- CNS Considerations in ART Simplification Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- HIV-1 persistence in the CNS: Mechanisms of latency, pathogenesis and an update on eradication strategies.Virus research · 2021Review
- T cell derived HIV-1 is present in the CSF in the face of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review the evidence that CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) escape populations are produced by viral reservoirs in the central nervous system (CNS).
designCSF escape is a rare phenomenon in which individuals on suppressive ART have well controlled systemic infections with elevated levels of HIV-1 RNA in their CSF. However, the rarity of CSF escape coupled with relatively low CSF viral loads has impeded detailed analyses of these populations. Here, and in a previous study, we performed genetic and phenotypic assessments of CSF escape populations to determine whether CSF escape is produced by CNS reservoirs or by cells trafficking through the CNS.
methodsWe report HIV-1 viral loads in the CSF and blood plasma of four individuals with CSF escape (one new example and three previously described examples). We performed phylogenetic analyses of the viral env gene to evaluate diversity within the CSF escape populations and performed entry analyses to determine whether Env proteins were adapted to entering macrophage/microglia.
resultsTwo individuals had CSF escape produced by CNS reservoirs. In contrast, the remaining two cases were likely because of transient viral production from cells migrating into the CNS and releasing virus.
conclusionTogether our analyses indicate that replication-competent HIV-1 can persist in the CNS during ART, but that not all cases of CSF escape are produced by CNS reservoirs. Our results also suggest that both CD4 T cells and macrophage/microglia can serve as persistent viral reservoirs in the CNS.
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