ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Liver-Mediated Adaptive Immune Tolerance.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graft rejection across solid organ transplants: mechanisms, monitoring, and immunosuppressive therapeutics.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Tumour-derived exosomes in liver metastasis: A Pandora's box.Cell proliferation · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical immunogenicity in rAAV gene therapy: Insights and implications.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Review
- Review
- Overall survival of immunotherapy versus standard of care in chemorefractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score matched analysis of 708 patients.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Immune tolerance platforms to mitigate unwanted immune responses.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immune cells in liver transplantation: Dual roles, mechanistic insights, and targeted therapeutic strategies.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Tolerability and efficacy of chemosaturation in combination with systemic therapy for metastatic uveal melanoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Reprogramming of the hepatic ubiquitin‑immune axis: A unifying mechanism in liver disease progression (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is a Remarkable Virulent Factor Linked to Hemorrhagic Pathology: Evidence from Multimodal Experimental Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis-immune microenvironment crosstalk: emerging mechanisms and immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Induction of Clinical Operational Tolerance Through Immunosuppression Minimization: Less Is More?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- Hepatic transcriptomics reveals immuno-metabolic interactions in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- PD-L1 Expression as a Predictor of Time to Progression in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics unveils the immunologic landscape of anti-PD-1-associated indirect drug-induced liver injury.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccine immunity is enhanced by hepatocyte detargeting and not dependent on dendritic cell expression.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Characterization of long-term survivors with liver metastases from uveal melanoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2021.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Hepatitis E virus replication is maintained in proliferative cells within the intestinal crypt.Science advances · 2026Article
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The liver is an immunologically tolerant organ that is uniquely equipped to limit hypersensitivity to food-derived antigens and bacterial products through the portal vein and can feasibly accept liver allografts. The adaptive immune response is a major branch of the immune system that induces organ/tissue-localized and systematic responses against pathogens and tumors while promoting self-tolerance. Persistent infection of the liver with a virus or other pathogen typically results in tolerance, which is a key feature of the liver. The liver's immunosuppressive microenvironment means that hepatic adaptive immune cells become readily tolerogenic, promoting the death of effector cells and the "education" of regulatory cells. The above mechanisms may result in the clonal deletion, exhaustion, or inhibition of peripheral T cells, which are key players in the adaptive immune response. These tolerance mechanisms are believed to be responsible for almost all liver diseases. However, optimal protective adaptive immune responses may be achieved through checkpoint immunotherapy and the modulation of hepatic innate immune cells in the host. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms involved in hepatic adaptive immune tolerance, the liver diseases caused thereby, and the therapeutic strategies needed to overcome this tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.