ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2020
Neuropsychological decline up to 20 years before incident mild cognitive impairment.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07180147 (Arlington Longitudinal Optimal Healthy Aging Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Arlington Longitudinal Optimal Healthy Aging Study (ALOHA)
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cost-effectiveness of testing biofluid biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence and sources of placebo effects in transcranial direct current stimulation during a single session of visuospatial working memory practice.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Transcriptome-wide association analysis of Alzheimer's disease: construction and clinical validation of transcriptomic risk scores.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Classification accuracies of plasma ptau217 vs. ptau217/Aβ1-42 for brain Aβ pathology in cognitively normal older adults.GeroScience · 2026Observational
- A computational model to describe multi-regional brain architecture during neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Increase in healthcare utilization and Medicare payment with progression of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Minor neuropsychological deficits and stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Digital Phenotyping via Passive Network Traffic Monitoring: Prospective Observational Study in University Students.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- The Impact of Dementia Caregiving on the Health of the Spousal Caregiver.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline: cross-sectional analysis of variability in neuropsychological test scores among community-dwelling older adults.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Validation of a Web-Based Digit Symbol Substitution Task for Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning from young adulthood to late midlife: A prospective study.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- AI-Driven Prediction of Possible Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Oculo-Cognitive Addition Test (OCAT).Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Disentangling the Causal Effects of Education and Participation Bias on Alzheimer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization.Neurology. Genetics · 2025Article
- Predicting the onset of dementia with longitudinal performance-based measures of physical function.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Machine learning model for predicting the conversion to dementia using the Cube Copying Test.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Neurofeedback-Enhanced Working Memory Training: A Proof-of-Concept for Reversing Age-Related Neural Slowing in Older Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Bay leaves: the neuroprotective dietary spice via inhibition of amyloid-like aggregation.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSome Alzheimer's disease biomarker studies found amyloid changes 20 years or more in advance of expected symptoms, while cognitive changes lagged for more than a decade, but this apparent lag might reflect the sensitivities of the biomarker and cognitive assays used. How far in advance of incident amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) does cognition begin to decline?
methodsLongitudinal neuropsychological study of an apolipoprotein E e4 enriched cohort of cognitively normal individuals at entry. Linear mixed models for MCI converters (n = 65) and nonconverters (n = 719) fitted for each neuropsychological measure; annual changes compared between groups before and after linear model intersections (inflection points).
results34 of 35 cognitive measures and 9 of 18 behavioral measures declined faster post-inflection in the MCI converters; the earliest cognitive inflection point was nearly 20 years in advance of MCI diagnosis. DISCUSSION: The preclinical duration of cognitive and behavioral changes approaches the earliest reported biomarker changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.