ArticleSleep2020
Sex differences within sleep in gonadally intact rats.
Article in Sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The sleep-deprived blood-brain barrier: Does the Brain's gatekeeper adapt or merely fail slowly?Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2026Review
- Article
- Let's talk about sex: Male and female mice show similar fear memory retention despite hippocampal activity differences during encoding and consolidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Estradiol signaling in the medial preoptic nucleus: a lifespan framework for female sleep regulation.Sleep · 2026Article
- The median preoptic nucleus is a key site for estradiol regulation of sleep-wake behaviors in females rats.Sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep patterns predicting stress resilience are dependent on sex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Median Preoptic Nucleus is a Key Site for Estradiol Regulation of Sleep-Wake Behaviors in Females Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The absence of Neuroligin-1 shapes wake/sleep architecture, rhythmic and arrhythmic activities of the electrocorticogram in female mice.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2024Article
- Post-conditioning sleep deprivation facilitates delay and trace fear memory extinction.Molecular brain · 2024Article
- Ventral subiculum promotes wakefulness through several pathways in male mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Distinct glutamatergic projections of the posteroventral medial amygdala play different roles in arousal and anxiety.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Reducing brain kynurenic acid synthesis precludes kynurenine-induced sleep disturbances.Journal of sleep research · 2024Article
- Differential effects of the stress peptides PACAP and CRF on sleep architecture in mice.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Article
- Use of Quantitative Electroencephalography to Inform Age- and Sex-Related Differences in NMDA Receptor Function Following MK-801 Administration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Reproductive hormones and sex chromosomes drive sex differences in the sleep-wake cycle.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep impacts diverse physiological and neural processes and is itself affected by the menstrual cycle; however, few studies have examined the effects of the estrous cycle on sleep in rodents. Studies of disease mechanisms in females therefore lack critical information regarding estrous cycle influences on relevant sleep characteristics. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity from multiple brain regions to assess sleep states as well as sleep traits such as spectral power and interregional spectral coherence in freely cycling females across the estrous cycle and compared with males. Our findings show that the high hormone phase of proestrus decreases the amount of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increases the amount of time spent awake compared with other estrous phases and to males. This spontaneous sleep deprivation of proestrus was followed by a sleep rebound in estrus which increased NREM and REM sleep. In proestrus, spectral power increased in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and the gamma (30-60 Hz) ranges during NREM sleep, and increased in the theta range (5-9 Hz) during REM sleep during both proestrus and estrus. Slow-wave activity (SWA) and cortical sleep spindle density also increased in NREM sleep during proestrus. Finally, interregional NREM and REM spectral coherence increased during proestrus. This work demonstrates that the estrous cycle affects more facets of sleep than previously thought and reveals both sex differences in features of the sleep-wake cycle related to estrous phase that likely impact the myriad physiological processes influenced by sleep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.