ArticleScientific reports2019
Supreme activity of gramicidin S against resistant, persistent and biofilm cells of staphylococci and enterococci.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive Response ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gramicidin D as a Multi-Target Antimicrobial Against Staphylococcus aureus: Biofilm Disruption, Virulence Attenuation, Antibiotic Potentiation, and Protein-Peptide Docking Insight.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Liposomal Encapsulation Reduces the Cytotoxic Effects of Gramicidin S in Monolayer and Spheroid Fibroblast Cultures.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of RacX, a new broad-specificity amino acid racemase from a novel taxon within the orderApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Repurposing antibacterial drugs identifies ridinilazole and CRS3123 as promising candidates against vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lipid Composition of Nanocarriers Shapes Interactions of Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptide Gramicidin S with Their Membranes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gramicidin and chlorhexidine encapsulated in bicontinuous microemulsions: antimicrobial activity performance and their impact on self-assembly.Journal of surfactants and detergents · 2025Article
- Biosynthesis of Antimicrobial Ornithine-Containing Lacticin 481 Analogues by Use of a Combinatorial Biosynthetic Pathway inACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Silver incorporated SeTe nanoparticles with enhanced photothermal and photodynamic properties for synergistic effects on anti-bacterial activity and wound healing.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Genomic exploration of the fermented meat isolate Staphylococcus shinii IMDO-S216 with a focus on competitiveness-enhancing secondary metabolites.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Broad-spectrum activity of membranolytic cationic macrocyclic peptides against multi-drug resistant bacteria and fungi.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2024Article
- Hospital Acquired Sepsis, Disease Prevalence, and Recent Advances in Sepsis Mitigation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antibiofilm properties of cathelicidin LL-37: an in-depth review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- Antibacterial pyrazoles: tackling resistant bacteria.Future medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Topical Antibiofilm Agents With Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Bacterial Nosocomial Infections: Multidrug Resistance as a Trigger for the Development of Novel Antimicrobials.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- 4-4-(Anilinomethyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazol-1-ylbenzoic acid derivatives as potent anti-gram-positive bacterial agents.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
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- The DNA Damage Inducible SOS Response Is a Key Player in the Generation of Bacterial Persister Cells and Population Wide Tolerance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three promising antibacterial peptides were studied with regard to their ability to inhibit the growth and kill the cells of clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The multifunctional gramicidin S (GS) was the most potent, compared to the membranotropic temporin L (TL), being more effective than the innate-defence regulator IDR-1018 (IDR). These activities, compared across 16 strains as minimal bactericidal and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), are independent of bacterial resistance pattern, phenotype variations and/or biofilm-forming potency. For S. aureus strains, complete killing is accomplished by all peptides at 5 × MIC. For E. faecalis strains, only GS exhibits a rapid bactericidal effect at 5 × MIC, while TL and IDR require higher concentrations. The biofilm-preventing activities of all peptides against the six strains with the largest biofilm biomass were compared. GS demonstrates the lowest minimal biofilm inhibiting concentrations, whereas TL and IDR are consistently less effective. In mature biofilms, only GS completely kills the cells of all studied strains. We compare the physicochemical properties, membranolytic activities, model pharmacokinetics and eukaryotic toxicities of the peptides and explain the bactericidal, antipersister and antibiofilm activities of GS by its elevated stability, pronounced cell-penetration ability and effective utilization of multiple modes of antibacterial action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.