SynthesisBMJ open2019
Pharmacological and behavioural interventions to promote smoking cessation in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of behavioural smoking cessation interventions for people with severe mental ill health-what works?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Psychosocial Smoking Cessation Interventions for People with Serious Mental Illness.Journal of dual diagnosisPooled it
- Differential Effects of an Intervention to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapeutic Smoking Cessation Aids in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Subgroup Analysis of EAGLES.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2021Trial
- Smoking cessation for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Inequity in smoking cessation clinical trials testing pharmacotherapies: exclusion of smokers with mental health disorders.Tobacco control · 2023Review
- [COVID-19 and Bipolar Affective Disorder: Subjective Changes in Lifestyle Variables During the First Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria].Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Deep rTMS of the insula and prefrontal cortex in smokers with schizophrenia: Proof-of-concept study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Case report: Schizophrenia and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, a rare syndrome hiding a life-threatening condition.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- An evaluation of junior doctors' experience in smoking cessation training in a rural mental health setting.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder-A narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence-based atlas.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2021Article
- Integrated Smoking Cessation for Smokers With Serious Mental Illness: Protocol for a Convergent Mixed Methods Implementation Evaluation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
- Identification and management of cardiometabolic risk in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A Delphi expert consensus study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSmoking in people with serious mental illness is a major public health problem and contributes to significant levels of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the review was to systematically examine the efficacy of methods used to aid smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness.
methodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and behavioural programmes for smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness. Electronic databases were searched for trials to July 2018. We used the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias.
resultsTwenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Varenicline increased the likelihood of smoking cessation at both 3 months (risk ratio (RR) 3.56, 95% CI 1.82 to 6.96, p=0.0002) and at 6 months (RR 3.69, 95% CI 1.08 to 12.60, p=0.04). Bupropion was effective at 3 months (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.86 to 8.40, p=0.0003), especially at a dose of 300 mg/day, but there was no evidence of effect at 6 months (RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.52 to 9.47, p=0.28). In one small study, nicotine therapy proved effective at increasing smoking cessation up to a period of 3 months. Bupropion used in conjunction with nicotine replacement therapy showed more effect than single use. Behavioural and bespoke interventions showed little overall benefit. Side effects were found to be low.
conclusionThe new information of this review was the effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation at both 3 and 6 months and the lack of evidence to support the use of both bupropion and nicotine products for sustained abstinence longer than 3 months. Overall, the review found relatively few studies in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.