Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31784405›Full record

Observational studyJournal of nutrition education and behavior2020

Post-Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act Adherence to Select School Nutrition Standards by Region and Poverty Level: The Healthy Communities Study.

Lauren E Au, Lorrene D Ritchie, Klara Gurzo, Lilly A Nhan, Gail Woodward-Lopez, Janice Kao, Patricia M Guenther, Marisa Tsai, Wendi Gosliner

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The effectiveness of mandatoryThe British journal of nutrition · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lauren E AuNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Electronic address: leau@ucanr.edu.
Lorrene D RitchieNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Klara GurzoDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lilly A NhanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.
Gail Woodward-LopezNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Janice KaoNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Patricia M GuentherDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Marisa TsaiNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Wendi GoslinerNutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

Funding

Disparities in the Relationship Between the School Nutrition Environment and Childhood ObesityK01HL131630 · NHLBI · UNIV OF CALIF/DIV/AGRICULTURE/NAT/RESOUR · PI AU, LAUREN E · 2016 to 2020
$841k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL131630
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study determined the extent to which schools adhered to select nutrition and wellness provisions of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and examined differences by US region and school poverty level.

designComparison of cross-sectional observational data from the Healthy Communities Study (2013-2015) by region and school poverty level.

participantsA total of 401 US elementary and middle schools.

main outcome measuresAdherence with federal nutrition standards for meals and competitive foods; extent of implementation of select aspects of school wellness policies. ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression were used. Differences were examined by school poverty level and region, adjusting for other school- and community-level covariates.

resultsMost schools reported meeting reimbursable school meal nutrition standards (74%); more schools in the West met nutrition standards (82%) than in the Midwest (64%). Most grains offered at lunch were whole grain-rich (82%), and most competitive foods complied with standards (78%) before they were required. Most schools had a wellness coordinator (80%). Lowest levels of adherence were reported for guidelines for classroom or school event foods. No differences were observed by school poverty level. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings suggest that Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act provisions were feasible across a wide variety of schools, and schools successfully implemented reimbursable school meal nutrition standards regardless of school poverty level.

Indexed as

Nutrition PolicyCross-Sectional StudiesDiet, HealthyFood ServicesGuideline AdherenceHumansPovertyResidence CharacteristicsSchoolsUnited Statescompetitive foodsHealthy Hunger-Free Kids Actschool nutritionwhole grains

Identifiers

PMID31784405
PMCPMC7064377

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.