ArticleVeterinary research2019
Visualizing bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cells and measuring BLV proviral loads in the milk of BLV seropositive dams.
Article in Veterinary research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Visual typing detection of bovine leukemia virus with a lateral flow immunoassay based on latex microspheres.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Distribution and influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting bovine leukemia virus proviral load in semen and progeny derived from semen in Japanese Black cattle.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Interferon dynamics in deltaretroviruses: why HTLV-1 evades, but BLV responds.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Comparison of the Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Holstein and Angus Cattle Breeds From Shandong Province, China.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Engineered soluble truncated envelope proteins block bovine leukemia virus infection.Virus research · 2026Article
- Establishment and Characterization of Human Cell Lines Stably Infected With Bovine Leukemia Virus In Vitro Reveals Apoptosis After Latency and Silencing.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Endemic Persistence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in aHigh-Producing Brazilian Dairy Herd: Seroprevalence Across Production Strata, Vertical Transmission, and Mortality Risk.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- First Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationship between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection and shedding provirus from milk in cows.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Polymorphism ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in a widely used commercially frozen semen in Japan.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Bovine Leukemia Virus and Human Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical and Molecular Evidence.Viruses · 2025Review
- BLV-CoCoMo Dual qPCR Assay Targeting LTR Region for Quantifying Bovine Leukemia Virus: Comparison with Multiplex Real-Time qPCR Assay TargetingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The transmission of bovine leukemia virus to calves occurs mostly through colostrum and milk.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Article
- The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Article
- Correlation between the Biodistribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Organs and the Proviral Load in the Peripheral Blood during Early Stages of Experimentally Infected Cattle.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle and causes serious problems for the cattle industry, worldwide. Vertical transmission of BLV occurs via in utero infection and ingestion of infected milk and colostrum. The aim of this study was to clarify whether milk is a risk factor in BLV transmission by quantifying proviral loads in milk and visualizing the infectivity of milk. We collected blood and milk from 48 dams (46 BLV seropositive dams and 2 seronegative dams) from seven farms in Japan and detected the BLV provirus in 43 blood samples (89.6%) but only 22 milk samples (45.8%) using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2. Although the proviral loads in the milk tended to be lower, a positive correlation was firstly found between the proviral loads with blood and milk. Furthermore, the infectivity of milk cells with BLV was visualized ex vivo using a luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA) based on CC81-GREMG cells, which form syncytia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in response to BLV Tax and Env expressions when co-cultured with BLV-infected cells. Interestingly, in addition to one BLV-infected dam with lymphoma, syncytia with EGFP fluorescence were observed in milk cells from six BLV-infected, but healthy, dams by an improved LuSIA, which was optimized for milk cells. This is the first report demonstrating the infectious capacity of cells in milk from BLV-infected dams by visualization of BLV infection ex vivo. Thus, our results suggest that milk is a potential risk factor for BLV vertical spread through cell to cell transmission.
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