ReviewRetrovirology2019
Immunovirological markers in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
Review in Retrovirology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in preventive vaccine development against HTLV-1 infection: A systematic review of the last 35 years.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical trial of raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, in HAM/TSP.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Trial
- CRISPR-mediated excision of HTLV-1 reduces proviral loads in PBMCs from HAM/TSP patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Targeted Interventions in HAM/TSP: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions - A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- HTLV-1-Derived Exosomes Drive Transcriptional Reprogramming of Monocytes Toward a Mixed M1/M2 Phenotype in HAM/TSP.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Approaches for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Current and Emerging Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 in Individuals Infected with Hepatitis C Virus in Belém do Pará, Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Unmasking HAM/TSP: understanding HTLV-1-driven neurological disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Efgartigimod Combined With Steroid Treatment for HAM/TSP: A Case Report.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Machine learning based characterization of high risk carriers of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and optimization of human T-cell leukemia virus-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay directed to the envelope protein.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- CXCL-10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Detects Neuroinflammation in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy with High Accuracy.Viruses · 2025Article
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy With Autoimmune Cholangiopathy: An Unusual Immune Conundrum in a Young Patient.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Possible Trace of HTLV-1 Virus in Modulation of Cbl-b, ITCH, and PP2A Suppressor Genes.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Assembly of HTLV-1-How Does It Differ from HIV-1?Viruses · 2024Review
- Mycophenolate mofetil for the long-term treatment of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: A case report.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus and infects approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. While the majority of infected people are asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1, only 4% of infected people develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is a chronic, progressive, neurological disease which usually progresses slowly without remission, and is characterized by perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in chronic inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), primarily affecting the spinal cord. A high HTLV-1 proviral load, high levels of antibodies against HTLV-1 antigens, and elevated concentration of proteins are detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients. These chronically activated immune responses against HTLV-1 and infiltration of inflammatory cells including HTLV-1 infected cells into the CNS contribute to clinical disability and underlie the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. Since the disease development of HAM/TSP mainly occurs in adults, with a mean age at onset of 40-50 years, it is important for HTLV-1-infected carriers and HAM/TSP patients to be monitored throughout the disease process. Recent advances in technologies and findings provide new insights to virological and immunological aspects in both the CNS as well as in peripheral blood. In this review, we focus on understanding the inflammatory milieu in the CNS and discuss the immunopathogenic process in HTLV-1-associated neurologic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.