ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2020
Smoking cessation is associated with lower disease activity and predicts cardiovascular risk reduction in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- A multidisciplinary lifestyle program for rheumatoid arthritis: the 'Plants for Joints' randomized controlled trial.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- The risk of venous thromboembolism in RA.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease and relapse risk: Effects of smoking and vascular risk factors.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- The evolving comorbidity landscape of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Preferences, experiences and needs regarding tobacco cessation expressed among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoking habits and attitudes among rheumatoid arthritis patients at a tertiary centre in South Africa.Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism at the intersection of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Obesity and fibromyalgia are associated with Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (D2T-RA) independent of age and gender.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Air Pollution and Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk and Progression: Implications for the Mucosal Origins Hypothesis and Climate Change for RA Pathogenesis.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Modifiable risk factors linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence, immunological mechanisms and prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Newly developed cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating biologic treatment.Reumatologia · 2023Article
- Consensus statements for evaluation and nonpharmacological Management of Psoriatic Arthritis in UAE.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2022Review
- A Clinical Audit of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis - SURF-RA.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Short-term, intermediate-term and long-term risks of acute coronary syndrome in cohorts of patients with RA starting biologic DMARDs: results from four Nordic countries.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Observational
- Smoking Cessation Rates among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Following the 'Gold Standard Programme' (GSP): A Prospective Analysis from the Danish Smoking Cessation Database.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Substance Use Disorder in Rheumatoid Arthritis.ACR open rheumatology · 2021Article
- Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With an Inadequate Response to Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs at a Higher Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Impact of Inflammation and Antirheumatic Treatment.European cardiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSmoking is a major risk factor for the development of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and RA and may cause attenuated responses to anti-rheumatic treatments. Our aim was to compare disease activity, CVD risk factors and CVD event rates across smoking status in RA patients.
methodsDisease characteristics, CVD risk factors and relevant medications were recorded in RA patients without prior CVD from 10 countries (Norway, UK, Netherlands, USA, Sweden, Greece, South Africa, Spain, Canada and Mexico). Information on CVD events was collected. Adjusted analysis of variance, logistic regression and Cox models were applied to compare RA disease activity (DAS28), CVD risk factors and event rates across categories of smoking status.
resultsOf the 3311 RA patients (1012 former, 887 current and 1412 never smokers), 235 experienced CVD events during a median follow-up of 3.5 years (interquartile range 2.5-6.1). At enrolment, current smokers were more likely to have moderate or high disease activity compared with former and never smokers (P < 0.001 for both). There was a gradient of worsening CVD risk factor profiles (lipoproteins and blood pressure) from never to former to current smokers. Furthermore, former and never smokers had significantly lower CVD event rates compared with current smokers [hazard ratio 0.70 (95% CI 0.51, 0.95), P = 0.02 and 0.48 (0.34, 0.69), P < 0.001, respectively]. The CVD event rates for former and never smokers were comparable.
conclusionSmoking cessation in patients with RA was associated with lower disease activity and improved lipid profiles and was a predictor of reduced rates of CVD events.
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