Trial reportThe American journal on addictions2020
Naloxone-Induced Withdrawal in Individuals With and Without Fentanyl-Positive Urine Samples.
Trial report in The American journal on addictions, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of vaped cannabis on the severity of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Evidence of heterogeneity in the opioid withdrawal syndrome: Spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2026Article
- Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of Fentanyl.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Targeting αEnvironmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP)-1 attenuates the development and expression of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in male Swiss Webster mice.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- High-dose naloxone formulations are not as essential as we thought.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Functional connectivity of posterior cingulate gyrus in heroin dependents treated by methadone maintenance and protracted abstinence measures: an event-related fMRI study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Examining the Severity and Progression of Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl Withdrawal: A Quasi-experimental Comparison.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveThis retrospective analysis of data from heroin users screening for clinical research, sought to determine if more naloxone is needed to precipitate opioid withdrawal among those who regularly use heroin with fentanyl, as opposed to those who use heroin without fentanyl.
methodsOver the course of three to five screening visits, participants completed assessments of drug use, along with urine toxicology tests at each visit. To test for opioid dependence, 29 participants completed a modified Wang test (score: 0-150) during which an intramuscular dose of naloxone (0.2-0.4 mg) was administered and the severity of withdrawal was quantified.
resultsThe severity of opioid withdrawal was compared between individuals whose urine toxicology regularly tested positive for fentanyl (N = 15), and those only positive for other opioids (N = 14). No significant differences were found in demographic or drug use between the fentanyl-positive (mean: age 41.1 years, 9.1 bags heroin/d) and fentanyl-negative (42.0 years, 10.0 bags heroin/d) groups. Intramuscular naloxone-precipitated robust withdrawal in both samples (P < .01) with no significant difference (P = .8) in the severity (fentanyl positive [100.6 ± 13.4]; fentanyl negative [82.7 ± 9.6]). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: These data suggest that a standard naloxone dose can be equally effective at precipitating withdrawal in individuals using heroin with fentanyl compared to heroin without fentanyl. These data contribute to our understanding of how naloxone antagonizes the effects of fentanyl and may have significant implications for the clinical laboratory and opioid overdose. A prospective clinical laboratory study with the proper opioid maintenance controls is needed to provide a more definitive finding. (Am J Addict 2019;00:00-00).
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