ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
The association of fish consumption and its urinary metabolites with cardiovascular risk factors: the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP).
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT00005271 (INTERMAP), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
INTERMAP: International Population Study on Macronutrients and BP
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized controlled cross-over trial of differences in acute effects on serum metabolites from isocaloric meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Carbon Isotope Ratios of Plasma and RBC Fatty Acids Identify Meat Consumers in a 12-Week Inpatient Feeding Study of 32 Men.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Metabolomics and nutrient intake reveal metabolite-nutrient interactions in metabolic syndrome: insights from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Association Between Habitual Dietary Intake and Urinary Metabolites in Adults-Results of a Population-Based Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Associations of healthy eating index 2020 and its components with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients and the mediating roles of metabolic indicators: NHANES 2007-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies.Nutrition reviews · 2024Review
- Development and Validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System per Serving Size.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide metabolites in the second trimester predict the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a nested case-control study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Analysis of Fish-Consumption Benefits and Safety Knowledge in a Population-Based Sample of Polish Adolescents.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Potential Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease: Its Association with Dietary Sources of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Microbiota.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Common fear molecules induce defensive responses in marine prey across trophic levels.Oecologia · 2023Article
- Marine Capture Fisheries from Western Indian Ocean: An Excellent Source of Proteins and Essential Amino Acids.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Multi-omics signatures of the human early life exposome.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Association between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid and prevalence of hypertension in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study using data from NHANES 2009-2016.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResults from observational studies regarding associations between fish (including shellfish) intake and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure (BP) and BMI, are inconsistent.
objectiveTo investigate associations of fish consumption and associated urinary metabolites with BP and BMI in free-living populations.
methodsWe used cross-sectional data from the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP), including 4680 men and women (40-59 y) from Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and United States. Dietary intakes were assessed by four 24-h dietary recalls and BP from 8 measurements. Urinary metabolites (2 timed 24-h urinary samples) associated with fish intake acquired from NMR spectroscopy were identified. Linear models were used to estimate BP and BMI differences across categories of intake and per 2 SD higher intake of fish and its biomarkers.
resultsNo significant associations were observed between fish intake and BP. There was a direct association with fish intake and BMI in the Japanese population sample (P trend = 0.03; fully adjusted model). In Japan, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and taurine, respectively, demonstrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.81 and 0.78 in discriminating high against low fish intake, whereas homarine (a metabolite found in shellfish muscle) demonstrated an AUC of 0.80 for high/nonshellfish intake. Direct associations were observed between urinary TMAO and BMI for all regions except Japan (P < 0.0001) and in Western populations between TMAO and BP (diastolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.28; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.02 mmHg; P = 0.0006, systolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.67; 95% CI: 0.60, 2.73 mmHg; P = 0.002).
conclusionsUrinary TMAO showed a stronger association with fish intake in the Japanese compared with the Western population sample. Urinary TMAO was directly associated with BP in the Western but not the Japanese population sample. Associations between fish intake and its biomarkers and downstream associations with BP/BMI appear to be context specific. INTERMAP is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.