ReviewBioMed research international2019
Immunological Aspects of Graves' Ophthalmopathy.
Review in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orbital MRI for thyroid eye disease activity staging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy: a meta-analysis.Bioengineered · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of multimodal clinical biomarkers in the management of thyroid eye disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Current insights of applying MRI in Graves' ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Intravenous rituximab therapy for active Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2021Pooled it
- Selenium in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Graves' orbitopathy: a 5-year prospective controlled cohort study.Endocrine · 2024Trial
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors suppress myofibroblastic differentiation and hyaluronan synthesis in Graves' orbitopathy fibroblasts.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-driven pathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a dual approach of clinical correlation and genetic causality.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Review
- Retinal and choroidal microvascular analysis by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and hyperthyroidism without clinical signs of TAO.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of enalapril and losartan on the expression of genes involved in inflammation, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis in orbital fibroblasts of graves' ophthalmopathy.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Association of body mass index with orbital fat volume in lower eyelid blepharoplasty.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Redefining Treatment Paradigms in Thyroid Eye Disease: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Tryptophan metabolites exert potential therapeutic activity in graves' orbitopathy by ameliorating orbital fibroblasts inflammation and proliferation.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Epac1 Inhibits Orbital Fibroblast Activation to Ameliorate Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy-Like Features Through the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The miR-320a/PRDX3 Axis Alleviates the Oxidative Stress and Fibrotic Alterations in Fibroblasts in Thyroid Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Sleep quality and its determinants in patients with thyroid eye disease: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Management of Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States: Analysis of a Healthcare Claims Database.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The body's autoimmune process is involved in the development of Graves' disease (GD), which is manifested by an overactive thyroid gland. In some patients, autoreactive inflammatory reactions contribute to the development of symptoms such as thyroid ophthalmopathy, and the subsequent signs and symptoms are derived from the expansion of orbital adipose tissue and edema of extraocular muscles within the orbit. The autoimmune process, production of antibodies against self-antigens such as TSH receptor (TSHR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), inflammatory infiltration, and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) lead to edematous-infiltrative changes in periocular tissues. As a consequence, edema exophthalmos develops. Orbital fibroblasts seem to play a crucial role in orbital inflammation, tissue expansion, remodeling, and fibrosis because of their proliferative activity as well as their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes and myofibroblasts and production of GAG. In this paper, based on the available medical literature, the immunological mechanism of GO pathogenesis has been summarized. Particular attention was paid to the role of orbital fibroblasts and putative autoantigens. A deeper understanding of the pathomechanism of the disease and the involvement of immunological processes may give rise to the introduction of new, effective, and safe methods of treatment or monitoring of the disease activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.