ArticleThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2019
The Effectiveness of Dipstick for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infection.
Article in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of PA-100 AST System Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Test on Antibiotic Prescription for Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Spanish Primary Care Settings.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Study to Assess the Impact of a Novel Catheter Coating on Clinical Bacteriuria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Healthcare providers' perspectives on collaboration of care for acute cystitis in women and the role of the community pharmacy: A qualitative study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Diagnostic tests for urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance-a reality check between diagnostic innovation and implementation: a critical narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, bacterial etiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in rural West Amhara, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Feasibility of serial measurement of nitrite for pharmacodynamic monitoring and precision prescribing in urinary tract infections.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Nurse prescribing for selected UTIs in Spain: a challenging step forward.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review of the Accuracy and Reliability of Pyuria in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections.Cureus · 2025Review
- Comparison of Urine Dipstick and Urine Sediment Microscopy With Culture for Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Urinary Tract Infections Detection with Molecular Biomarkers.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Innovative Biosensor Technologies in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Review
- Sustainable Sensing with Paper Microfluidics: Applications in Health, Environment, and Food Safety.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Urinary calprotectin as a diagnostic tool for detecting significant bacteriuria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The Importance of Diagnostics in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in the United Kingdom.Research and reports in urology · 2024Article
- From Awareness to Action: Pioneering Solutions for Women's UTI Challenges in the Era of Precision Medicine.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the urine dipstick test for the detection of urinary tract infections in patients treated in Kenyan hospitals.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- Toilet-based continuous health monitoring using urine.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- One-stage tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for asymptomatic calculous pyonephrosis.BMC urology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe balance between the choices of UTI diagnostic tools in most primary care settings has been settled for by the more rapid, less labour-intensive dipstick. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dipstick for diagnosing UTI.
methodA total of 429 urine samples were collected from patients suspected of UTI; cultured on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar; and incubated at 37°C overnight. Urine cultures with bacteria count ≥10
resultsThe highest sensitivity value and negative predictive value were recorded for the combined "NIT+ or LE+" dipstick results. The highest specificity value, positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were recorded for "nitrite-positive and leucocyte esterase-positive" results. Combined "nitrite-positive or leucocyte-positive" result was relatively the best indicator for accurate dipstick diagnosis, with AUC = 0.7242. Cohen's kappa values between dipstick diagnosis and quantitative culture were <0.6.
conclusionCombined performance of nitrite and leucocyte esterase results appeared better than the solo performance of nitrite and leucocyte esterase. However, little confidence should be placed on dipstick diagnosis; hence, request for quantity culture should be encouraged in the primary healthcare settings.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.