ReviewGastroenterology research and practice2019
Endoscopic Stenting in Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: When, How, and How Much to Drain?
Review in Gastroenterology research and practice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoscopic Bilateral Stent-in-Stent Versus Stent-by-Stent Deployment in Advanced Malignant Hilar Obstruction: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes of plastic versus self-expanding metal stents in malignant hilar biliary obstruction.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Initial Biliary Drainage in Unresectable Bismuth Type III Malignant Hilar Obstruction: Comparative Effectiveness of ERCP and PTBD According to Drainage Adequacy in a Retrospective Two-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating Novel Braided Metal Stent for Bilateral Simultaneous Side-by-Side Stenting in Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter, Single-Arm Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial therapy outcomes in acute cholangitis: Hilar multiple obstructionsJGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Article
- Results of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar stricture.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- The Feasibility of Whole-Liver Drainage with a Novel 8 mm Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent Possessing an Ultra-Slim Introducer for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstructions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The impact of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative outcomes in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice: a retrospective analysis of 290 consecutive cases at a single medical center.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- Trans-papillary bilio-pancreatic stenting: When how and which stent.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A preliminary single-center investigation of percutaneous biliary stenting in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: what impacts the clinical success and the long-term outcomes?Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
- Improving Outcomes in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma.Visceral medicine · 2021Article
- Plastic versus metal stents for inoperable gallbladder cancer with hilar biliary obstruction: the jury is still out.Annals of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- A Bibliometric Analysis of 8,276 Publications During the Past 25 Years on Cholangiocarcinoma by Machine Learning.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) involves a complex anatomical region where bile ducts, arteries, and veins create a complex network. HCCA can lead to biliary strictures at the main hepatic confluence, involving the right and left radicles. Endoscopic drainage of jaundiced patients with HCCA is challenging and carries a high risk of infective complications. HCCA needs a careful multidisciplinary evaluation to assess the indication and purposes (preoperative/palliative) of the biliary drainage. Biliary drainage in HCCA needs to be planned by magnetic resonance cholangiography in order to study the biliary anatomy and perform a target drainage of the intrahepatic ducts above the malignant hilar stricture; all the opacified intrahepatic ducts above the hilar stricture must be drained to reduce septic complications. Drainage of >50% of the liver volume is important to obtain bilirubin reduction and less complications, but atrophic liver segments (identified by CT scan) do not require drainage due to the increased risk of cholangitis. When preoperative biliary drainage is planned, plastic stents must be inserted. Self-expandable metal stents are indicated for palliative purposes and should be placed only when a complete liver drainage is possible; only uncovered metal stents are indicated to drain malignant hilar strictures to avoid side-branch occlusion.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.