ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Calreticulin and Galectin-3 Opsonise Bacteria for Phagocytosis by Microglia.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Rhythmic patterns in microglial cells within the circadian pineal gland from male rats.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- MHC-I Upregulation and Increased Glucose Dependence Define Innate Antifungal Immune Responses to Cryptococcus neoformans.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Zebrafish Galectin-1 Isoform Is Expressed in Skin and Gills and Binds to Bacteria, Bacterial Adhesin Receptors, and Epidermal Mucus Glycans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 in the Lateral Ventricle Regulates Immune Functions.ASN neuro · 2026Review
- Identification of a reactive astrocyte subpopulation during HIV-associated pain pathogenesis in mouse models.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Targeted complement inhibition ameliorates the pathological and cognitive outcomes in repetitive mild closed head injury.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Calreticulin-From the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Plasma Membrane-Adventures of a Wandering Protein.Cancers · 2025Review
- The Rise of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Glia Models of Neuroinflammation.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Galectin-3 disrupts tight junctions of airway epithelial cell monolayers by inducing expression and release of matrix metalloproteinases upon influenza A infection.Glycobiology · 2025Article
- Cell Death and Infection: Implications for Host and Microbe.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Doxycycline-Induced Apoptosis inInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The role of microglia in glaucoma - trigger and potential target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Galectin-3 aggravates microglial activation and tau transmission in tauopathy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Elevated Galectin-3 levels in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer - implication of ROS mediated suppression of NK cell antitumor response via tumor-associated neutrophils.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Intracellular DAMPs in Neurodegeneration and Their Role in Clinical Therapeutics.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Microglia and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An External Player in Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opsonins are soluble, extracellular proteins, released by activated immune cells, and when bound to a target cell, can induce phagocytes to phagocytose the target cell. There are three known classes of opsonin: antibodies, complement factors and secreted pattern recognition receptors, but these have limited access to the brain. We identify here two novel opsonins of bacteria, calreticulin, and galectin-3 (both lectins that can bind lipopolysaccharide), which were released by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) when activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Calreticulin and galectin-3 both bound to
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.