ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2019
Development of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program for Developmental Disorders or Delays.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05827952 (The Effect of Self-efficacy and Relationship Through Behavior Modification by Hybrid Mode in Caregivers With Toddler Receiving Early Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Self-efficacy and Relationship Through Behavior Modification by Hybrid Mode in Caregivers With Toddler Receiving Early Intervention
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Challenges on Diagnoses and Assessments Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Congenital Zika Syndrome-Assessing the Need for a Family Support Programme in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training in Public Health Services in Italy.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Trial
- Article
- Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the WHO-Caregiver skill training (CST) in a low-income clinical setting: a mixed-methods evaluation.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Effectiveness of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program in South Korea: Adaptation to an Online Video-Based Coaching Model.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Development and Preliminary Findings of a Modified WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program for Children with Autism in Mainland China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Closing the Gap to Interventions for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND): Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of TAND Severity, Predictors, and Caregiver Well-Being (TANDem-2).JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Scoping review: Facilitators, barriers, and cultural adaptations in the caregiver skills training program for children with developmental concerns.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Harmonizing adapted interventions across contexts: lessons from harmonizing the World Health Organization's Caregiver Skills Training in Ethiopia and Kenya.Translational behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- The breakthroughs of caregivers in a parent-implemented intervention for children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Hong Kong, China: an exploratory qualitative study of change mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Predicting Child Development Across Literacy, Physical, Learning, and Social-Emotional Domains Using Supervised Machine Learning: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on MICS 2019 Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Co-designing a novel service delivery pathway to increase access to autism identification and care within a non-profit community organization serving culturally and linguistically diverse families.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of an Autism Parent Mediated Intervention for Spanish Speaking Latinos.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Setting the Stage for an App-Based Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Autism: Findings from A Stakeholder Consultation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Caregiver transformation and relational growth in a parent-mediated intervention for autism in Hong Kong - A qualitative study.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Rethinking empathy development in childhood and adolescence: a call for global, culturally adaptive strategies.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Family outcomes of a parent-implemented early intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders: an exploratory study of family dynamics.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Cooperative parent mediated therapy for Italian children with autism spectrum disorder: a clinical experimental study in a community healthcare service in Italy.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, 52.9 million children under the age of 5 experience a developmental disability, such as sensory impairment, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. Of these 95% live in low-and-middle-income countries. Most of these children lack access to care. In light of the growing evidence that caregivers can learn skills to support their children's social communication and adaptive behavior and to reduce their challenging behavior, the World Health Organization developed a novel Caregiver Skills Training Program (CST) for families of children with developmental disorders or delay to address such treatment gap. This report outlines the development process, content, and global field-testing strategy of the WHO CST program. The CST program is designed to be feasible, scalable, and adaptable and appropriate for implementation in low-resource settings by nonspecialists. The program was informed by an evidence review utilizing a common elements approach and was developed through extensive stakeholder consultation and an iterative revision process. The program is intended for a global audience and was designed to be adapted to the cultural, socioeconomic, geographic, and resource context in which it is used to ensure that it is comprehensible, acceptable, feasible, and relevant to target users. It is currently undergoing field-testing in more than 30 countries across all world regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.