ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Phthalate-Induced Fetal Leydig Cell Dysfunction Mediates Male Reproductive Tract Anomalies.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-dependent vulnerability to early-life phthalates exposure and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and cord blood DNA methylation.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Protective effect of chrysin on di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced toxicity in mice testis: An experimental study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2025Article
- Mechanistic screening of reproductive toxicity in a novel 3D testicular co-culture model shows significant impairments following exposure to low-dibutyl phthalate concentrations.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Development of a novel testis-on-a-chip that demonstrates reciprocal crosstalk between Sertoli and Leydig cells in testicular tissue.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Oyster Peptide-Zinc Complex Ameliorates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate-Induced Testis Injury in Male Mice and Improving Gut Microbiota.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of miR-300-3p in Leydig cell function and differentiation: A therapeutic target for obesity-related testosterone deficiency.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Racial disparities affect the association between gestational urinary phthalate mixtures and infant genital measures.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Cholesterol Contributes to Male Sex Differentiation Through Its Developmental Role in Androgen Synthesis and Hedgehog Signaling.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Putative adverse outcome pathways for female reproductive disorders to improve testing and regulation of chemicals.Archives of toxicology · 2020Review
- Toxicological Effects of Cadmium on Mammalian Testis.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
- Bisphenols and Leydig Cell Development and Function.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Male fetal Leydig cells in the testis secrete androgen and insulin-like 3, determining the sexual differentiation. The abnormal development of fetal Leydig cells could lead to the reduction of androgen and insulin-like 3, thus causing the male reproductive tract anomalies in male neonates, including cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Environmental pollutants, such as phthalic acid esters (phthalates), can perturb the development and differentiated function of Leydig cells, thereby contributing to the reproductive toxicity in the male. Here, we review the epidemiological studies in humans and experimental investigations in rodents of various phthalates. Most of phthalates disturb the expression of various genes encoded for steroidogenesis-related proteins and insulin-like 3 in fetal Leydig cells and the dose-additive effects are exerted after exposure in a mixture.
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Registered trials
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