ArticleMediators of inflammation2019
Pterygium Pathology: A Prospective Case-Control Study on Tear Film Cytokine Levels.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Tear Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and External Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- The efficacy of combined bandage contact lens and nasal margin suture fixation in pterygium patients and its impact on inflammatory cytokines.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The evaluation of hemogram-related systemic inflammatory markers in pterygium recurrence.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- U1 RNA Detected by Toll-Like Receptor 3 Plays a Role in the Pathogenesis of Pterygium.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Inflammation due to ocular surface homeostasis imbalance caused by pterygia: tear lymphotoxin-alpha study and a literature review.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Evaluation of lymphotoxin-alpha in pterygium and diagnostic value in active and inactive pterygium states.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Corneal gene therapy: Structural and mechanistic understanding.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of α-humulene and β-caryophyllene on pterygium fibroblasts.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Pterygium-The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.Cells · 2021Review
- Characteristics and recurrence of pterygium in Saudi Arabia: a single center study with a long follow-up.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Effect of a Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (0.1% Pranoprofen) on VEGF and COX-2 Expression in Primary Pterygium.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pterygium is a common eye disease, linked to an increased exposure to UV radiation and dry environments. The associated pathology culminates in visual impairment and, in some rare cases, blindness. However, there remains a lot of uncertainty concerning the pathogenesis of this fibrovascular lesion. As the composition of the tear film provides a reflection into the pathological changes at the ocular surface, tear analysis represents an ideal approach to gain insight in the progression of disease following pterygiectomy. This study enrolled 19 patients and age/gender-matched healthy controls. Tear film levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were investigated over time, and preoperative concentrations were linked to corneal neovascularization and pterygium size. Diminished tear film levels were found in unilateral patients who show no clinical signs of pterygium recurrence over a period of one year. Hence, our results highlight the potential of using the course of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF levels in tears as biomarkers for recovery. In addition, when focusing on the affected eyes (i.e., primary and recurrent pterygium), we detected fold changes in preoperative cytokine concentrations to correspond with disease severity. As our proposed biomarkers did not reveal a linear relationship with corneal neovascularization nor the invasive behaviour of pterygium, no exact role in the pterygium pathology could be established. Hence, our data point to these factors being contributors rather than decisive players in the pathological processes.
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