ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Etiologies of diarrhea and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates among under-five year children in refugee camps in Gambella Region, Ethiopia: a case control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Burden ofBMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species and their multidrug resistance patterns among pediatric populations in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Progress on implementing the WHO-GLASS recommendations on priority pathogen-antibiotic sensitivity testing in Africa: AWellcome open research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bacterial and parasitic etiologies of diarrhea and the emerging role ofIJID regions · 2026Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among under five children with diarrhea attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Bule Hora, West Guji, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Occurrence of Diarrheagenic Pathogens and Their Coinfection Profiles in Diarrheic Under Five Children and Tracked Human Contacts in Urban and Rural Settings of Eastern Ethiopia.Microbiology insights · 2023Article
- The eukaryome of African children is influenced by geographic location, gut biogeography, and nutritional status.microLife · 2023Article
- Prevalence and epidemiological distribution of selected foodborne pathogens in human and different environmental samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.One health outlook · 2021Review
- Global emerging resistance in pediatric infections with TB, HIV, and gram-negative pathogens.Paediatrics and international child health · 2021Review
- TheFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people.Travel medicine and infectious diseaseArticle
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite substantial global effort and updated clinical management guidelines, diarrhea continues to be among leading worldwide causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Infectious diarrhea, the most common form of diarrhea causes substantial morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries, and the muddled use of antibiotics needs caution due to potential problems of drug-resistance. The aim of this study is to identify etiologies of diarrhea and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in under-five children in refugee camps in Gambella Region, Ethiopia.
methodsAn institution- based matched case control study was conducted using a questionnaire-based interview from June to December 2017 in Pugnido and Teirkidi refugee camps. Stool samples were collected and parasites causing diarrhea were identified by wet mount microscopy. Conventional culture supplemented with API 20E identification kit was used to identify Salmonella and Shigella species. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was investigated by using the disk diffusion method. The association between etiologies and diarrhea was analyzed using McNemar test or Fisher exact test with 95% confidence interval at a level of significance of P < 0.05.
resultsThe overall prevalence of enteric pathogens were 55 (41.0%) in diarrhea cases and 18 (13.4%) in healthy controls. The detected etiologies include Giardia lambia (28), Shigella spp. (16), E. hystolyotica/dispar (13), Ascaris lumbricoides (10), Salmonella spp. (6), Cryptosporidium parvum (6), Hymenolepis nana (4) and Isospora belli (3). All isolates were sensitive to kanamycine and ceftazidime. The high resistance rate was observed against ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), erythromycin (52%), chloramphenicol (47.5%), tetracycline (40.5%), cotrimoxazole (34.8%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (33%). The majorities of the isolates had a low rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin (8.7%), naldxic acid (8.7%) and amikacin (13%).
conclusionsGiardia lamblia, E. Hystolytica/dispar, and Shigella spp are the common etiologies of diarrhea in children in the studied refugee camps. The study also showed that significant numbers of bacterial isolates were resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, improving clinical laboratory services and promoting evidence-based drug prescription may reinforce proper use of antibiotics and reduce the emergence of microbial resistance.
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