ArticleEuropean heart journal2020
A realistic appraisal of the use of embryonic stem cell-based therapies for cardiac repair.
Article in European heart journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering cardiac regeneration using stem cells: Cellular sources, differentiation signatures, targeted delivery, and functional recovery.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Oxygen Handling Practices for in Vitro Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocyte Differentiation: A Scoping Literature Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Injectable myocardium-derived hydrogels with SDF-1α releasing for cardiac repair.Biomaterials advances · 2025Article
- Bridging the Gap: Advances and Challenges in Heart Regeneration from In Vitro to In Vivo Applications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Classes of Stem Cells: From Biology to Engineering.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Polarizing Macrophage Functional Phenotype to Foster Cardiac Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cells and Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapies for organ fibrosis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Repeated intravenous administration of hiPSC-MSCs enhance the efficacy of cell-based therapy in tissue regeneration.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Recommendations for nomenclature and definition of cell products intended for human cardiovascular use.Cardiovascular research · 2022Article
- Cell therapy in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive review and emerging concepts.Cardiovascular research · 2022Review
- Cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction: the need for regeneration and a review of cardiac stromal cell populations used for transplantation.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- The sad plight of cell therapy for heart failure: causes and consequences.The journal of cardiovascular aging · 2022Article
- Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2021Review
- Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Cell Therapy: Types, Regulation, and Clinical Benefits.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Cell Therapy after Myocardial Infarction.Journal of cellular immunology · 2021Article
- Future Perspectives and New "Frontiers" in Cardiac Rhythmology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the well-documented capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, transplantation of ESCs or ESC-derived cells is plagued by several formidable problems, including graft rejection, arrhythmias, and potential risk of teratomas. Life-long immunosuppression is a disease in itself. Transplantation of human ESC-derived cells in primates causes life-threatening arrhythmias, and the doses used to show efficacy are not clinically relevant. In contemporary clinical research, the margin of tolerance for such catastrophic effects as malignancies is zero, and although the probability of tumours can be reduced by ESC differentiation, it is unlikely to be completely eliminated, particularly when billions of cells are injected. Although ESCs and ESC-derived cells were touted as capable of long-term regeneration, these cells disappear rapidly after transplantation and there is no evidence of long-term engraftment, let alone regeneration. There is, however, mounting evidence that they act via paracrine mechanisms-just like adult cells. To date, no controlled clinical trial of ESC-derived cells in cardiovascular disease has been conducted or even initiated. In contrast, adult cells have been used in thousands of patients with heart disease, with no significant adverse effects and with results that were sufficiently encouraging to warrant Phase II and III trials. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells offer pluripotency similar to ESCs without the need for lifelong immunosuppression. After two decades, the promise that ESC-derived cells would regenerate dead myocardium has not been fulfilled. The most reasonable interpretation of current data is that ESC-based therapies are not likely to have clinical application for heart disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.