ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences
Addiction of tobacco chewing and smoking in the patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A descriptive epidemiological study in Pakistan.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine a promising immunotherapy option for head and neck cancer patients.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Review
- Disulfidptosis features and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: unveiling and validating the prognostic signature across cohorts.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Analysis of mutational variations inEcancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- Effect of Cigarette and Shisha smoking on cognitive functions impairment: A cross sectional study.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe associated risk factors for the majority of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are tobacco and betel nut abuse, while there also seems to be a rising proportion of patients who report no history of tobacco or betel nut usage. Therefore, objective of the study was to find out potential risk factors and demographics of HNSCC patients addicted to tobacco and/or betel nut, as well as non-addicted patients.
methodsThis epidemiological study was conducted in Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January to December 2016. All subjects were participants in an epidemiological study of HNSCC. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained for 185 addicted and 26 non-addicted patients.
resultsNon-addicted patients were more likely to be females (χ2=19.0,
conclusionsAddicted patients commonly have oral cavity cancers. This might be due to the habit of chewing tobacco and/or betel nut that addicted patients have. Non-addicted patients are commonly young females. It is likely that no single known factor is responsible for HNSCC in non-addicted patients, and several occupational exposure studies in future may be important to the etiology of non-addicted patients.
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