ReviewImmunology2020
'Layered immunity' and the 'neonatal window of opportunity' - timed succession of non-redundant phases to establish mucosal host-microbial homeostasis after birth.
Review in Immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic supplementation is associated with higher faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) in healthy full-term infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Microbial shifts in early life: the pediatric gut microbiome and its role in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Diet-Microbiome-Immune Interactions at the Gut Mucosa in Food Allergy: Mechanisms, Gaps, and Therapeutic Implications.Allergy · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Early-life immune imprinting by a B. infantis-HMO synbiotic shapes infant immune signatures and protects against experimental respiratory disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Peri-weaning, diet-induced activation of an IFNγ-mediated regulatory circuit promotes cDC1 maturation and CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Developmental factors drive the compartmentalized and discontinuous maturation of the small intestinal epithelium during the early postnatal period.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- T-betThe FEBS journal · 2026Article
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal protein profiling of blood during childhood into early adulthood.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Non-canonical IL‑22 receptor signaling remodels the oral mucosal barrier during Candida albicans immunosurveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unveiling balanced prenatal microbial colonization in amniotic fluid through an integrated culture and sequencing approach.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Compositional maturation of the microbiome and adaptive immunity in the postnatal period.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Ig-microbiota binding patterns in mothers and infants: a scoping review.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Probiotic-conditioned microbiota from preterm infants modulate immune response to pathogen challenge in a microbiota-humanized mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiota exposure and prevention of childhood asthma: immunological mechanisms and intervention perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Interaction of host gene-gut microbiota in male grading ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Microbiome in heritage: how maternal microbiome transmission impacts next generation health.Microbiome · 2025Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intricate host-microbial interaction and the overwhelming complexity of the mucosal immune system in the adult host raise the question of how this system is initially established. Here, we propose the implementation of the concept of the 'postnatal window of opportunity' into the model of a 'layered immunity' to explain how the newborn's mucosal immune system matures and how host-microbial immune homeostasis is established after birth. We outline the concept of a timed succession of non-redundant phases during postnatal immune development and discuss the possible influence of external factors and conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.