Selective synthesis of substituted amino-quinoline derivatives by C-H activation and fluorescence evaluation of their lipophilicity-responsive properties.

Push-pull type fluorescent amino-quinoline derivatives (TFMAQ) bearing phenyl aromatic groups in the 8-position (TFMAQ-8Ar series) were synthesized via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reaction in short steps. The N-arylation or C-H activation reactions were selectively controlled with high yield by combinations of palladium and phosphine ligands. The TFMAQ-8Ar analogues exhibited fluorescent solvatochromism in non-polar and polar solvents. In non-polar solvent, the absolute fluorescence quantum yield was high, wheareas the fluorescence was almost quenched in polar solvent. The TFMAQ-8Ar derivatives also showed high fluorescence emission at solid state owing to the planar structure between the quinoline ring and phenyl ring at the 7-amino group, as demonstrated by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The fluorescence imaging of 3T3-L1 cell using TFMAQ-8Ar derivatives was performed by confocal laser microscopy. Strong and specific emissions at lipid droplets were observed owing to the accumulation of TFMAQ-8Ar derivatives. Therefore, we propose that the TFMAQ-8Ar derivatives should become a versatile fluorescence probe for the live imaging of lipid droplets.