ArticleScience translational medicine2019
Early antiretroviral therapy in neonates with HIV-1 infection restricts viral reservoir size and induces a distinct innate immune profile.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02369406 (BHP Early Infant Treatment Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BHP Early Infant Treatment Study: A Clinical Treatment Trial of HIV+ Infants in Botswana
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy during Primary HIV Infection: Effects on the Latent HIV Reservoir, Including on Analytic Treatment Interruptions.AIDS reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Point-of-care early infant HIV diagnosis at birth in a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in Mozambique and Tanzania: A comparative cost and cost-effectiveness study.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- HIV-1 reservoir size after neonatal antiretroviral therapy and the potential to evaluate antiretroviral-therapy-free remission (IMPAACT P1115): a phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study.The lancet. HIV · 2024Trial
- Broadly neutralizing antibody treatment maintained HIV suppression in children with favorable reservoir characteristics in Botswana.Science translational medicine · 2023Trial
- Predictors of Cell-Associated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 DNA Over 1 Year in Very Early Treated Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Patterns of pretreatment drug resistance mutations of very early diagnosed and treated infants in Botswana.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and safety of early nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy for neonates at high risk for perinatal HIV infection: a phase 1/2 proof of concept study.The lancet. HIV · 2021Trial
- Increases in total HIV-1 nucleic acid in whole blood precede plasma RNA rebound during pediatric analytical treatment interruption.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells in pediatric HIV cure strategies: from viral control to immunotherapeutics.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- NK cell dysregulation may potentiate cardiovascular disease in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Immune correlates of HIV-1 rebound during broadly neutralizing antibody treatment in young children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- A role for Fas/FasL-dependent NK-mediated cytotoxicity in infants with perinatal HIV.iScience · 2025Article
- Evolution of the HIV-1 integration site landscape and inducible reservoir in early-treated people.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- From network biology to immunity: potential longitudinal biomarkers for targeting the network topology of the HIV reservoir.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Immune-mediated strategies to solving the HIV reservoir problem.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Distinct viral reservoirs and immune signatures in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy with perinatally acquired HIV-1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Delayed Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Treatment Outcomes in Infant Macaques Exposed to SHIVAD8.Viruses · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neonatal HIV-1 infection is associated with rapidly progressive and frequently fatal immune deficiency if left untreated. Immediate institution of antiretroviral therapy (ART), ideally within hours after birth, may restrict irreversible damage to the developing neonatal immune system and possibly provide opportunities for facilitating drug-free viral control during subsequent treatment interruptions. However, the virological and immunological effects of ART initiation within hours after delivery have not been systematically investigated. We examined a unique cohort of neonates with HIV-1 infection from Botswana who started ART shortly after birth and were followed longitudinally for about 2 years in comparison to control infants started on treatment during the first year after birth. We demonstrate multiple clear benefits of rapid antiretroviral initiation, including an extremely small reservoir of intact proviral sequences, a reduction in abnormal T cell immune activation, a more polyfunctional HIV-1-specific T cell response, and an innate immune profile that displays distinct features of improved antiviral activity and is associated with intact proviral reservoir size. Together, these data offer rare insight into the evolutionary dynamics of viral reservoir establishment in neonates and provide strong empirical evidence supporting the immediate initiation of ART for neonates with HIV-1 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.