ArticleJournal of virology2020
Intact HIV Proviruses Persist in Children Seven to Nine Years after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in the First Year of Life.
Article in Journal of virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reservoir differences across HIV-1 subtypes: a systematic review to guide cure research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Therapy Within 2 Years of HIV Acquisition Is Associated With Fewer Viral Blips: A Retrospective Analysis of More Than 20 Years of Data From the US Military HIV Natural History Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Divergent populations of HIV-infected naive and memory CD4+ T cell clones in children on antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Intact HIV DNA decays in children with and without complete viral load suppression.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- HIV-1 proviral DNA in purified peripheral blood CD34Heliyon · 2024Article
- Controversies in the Design of Strategies for the Cure of HIV Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- HIV-1 reservoir evolution in infants infected with clade C from Mozambique.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Isolation and genetic characterization of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels in the United Arab Emirates.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Review
- Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Significance of initiating antiretroviral therapy in the early stage of HIV infection.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Persistence of Unintegrated HIV DNA Associates With Ongoing NK Cell Activation and CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ Precursor Turnover in Vertically Infected Patients Despite Successful Antiretroviral Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Systemic and Intestinal Viral Reservoirs in CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Primary SIV Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- HIV-1 Persistence in Children during Suppressive ART.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute infection, 2% of proviruses that persist on ART are genetically intact by sequence analysis. In contrast, a recent report in children treated early failed to detect sequence-intact proviruses. In another cohort of children treated early, we sought to detect and characterize proviral sequences after 6 to 9 years on suppressive ART. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from perinatally infected children from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral (CHER) study were analyzed. Nearly full-length proviral amplification and sequencing (NFL-PAS) were performed at one time point after 6 to 9 years on ART. Amplicons with large internal deletions were excluded (<9 kb). All amplicons of ≥9 kb were sequenced and analyzed through a bioinformatic pipeline to detect indels, frameshifts, or hypermutations that would render them defective. In eight children who started ART at a median age of 5.4 months (range, 2.0 to 11.1 months), 733 single NFL-PAS amplicons were generated. Of these, 534 (72.9%) had large internal deletions, 174 (23.7%) had hypermutations, 15 (1.4%) had small internal deletions, 3 (1.0%) had deletions in the packaging signal/major splice donor site, and 7 (1.0%) were sequence intact. These 7 intact sequences were from three children who initiated ART after 2.3 months of age, one of whom had two identical intact sequences, suggestive of a cell clone harboring a replication-competent provirus. No intact proviruses were detected in four children who initiated ART before 2.3 months of age. Rare, intact proviruses can be detected in children who initiate ART after 2.3 months of age and are probably, as in adults, maintained by clonal expansion of cells infected before ART initiation.
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Registered trials
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